Alcoholic Parents Affect the Life and Development of a Child

The definition of â€Å"family,† is subjective; that is, a person gets to define it for his or herself. Therefore, there is a wide explanation of what a family is. The most common definition states that a family consists of a married couple who have children that they care for and love. Families will have their problems, but some are more extensive than others. It is said that a child is a product of his or her environment. When a family has an extensive problem that disrupts the unity of a family, logically the child suffers. Alcohol has taken a toll on individuals all around the world. Unfortunately, alcohol has also become dangerously exposed to a multitude of families. Parents who are addicted to alcohol form a broken home for their children. This causes everything to function abnormally. A child ends up growing without parents who love and care for them. Alcoholic parents affect the life and development of a child. Alcohol forms an unrealistic idea of what fa mily is in a child’s mind, prevents a proper flow of love and care, and provides for mental and moral instability. When children have alcoholic parents, they form the wrong idea of what a family is supposed to be. For a child, a family should be a close, encouraging, and an emotionally sound structure. A child should experience a family that has a solid base of unity. A family with unity is able to handle any issues that may enter into their household. Unfortunately, when a child lives with a familyShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism and Parenting: Samuel Adams961 Words   |  4 Pages The subject of parents consuming alcohol and how it affects their children is one that has plagued this world since long before the introduction of the first Samuel Adams. Alcohol damages brain cells and can prevent someone from making correct decisions. Having alcohol in one’s system can lead to violent and very dangerous rampages, and adding children to this mix is extremely harmful to them not only physically but also emotionally. Dr. Michael Windle explains that â€Å"alcohol abuse can interfereRead MoreA Child Called It . Dave Pelzer Is the Survivor1608 Words   |  7 PagesA Child Called It. Dave Pelzer is the survivor of the third worst case of child abuse in California s history. Dave grew up with his two brothers and two parents. Catherine, Dave s mother, loved to cook exotic meals for her family and decorate their home in creative and imaginative ways each holiday season. She was full of energy, often taking her kids on tours of downtown San Francisco while her husband was at work as a fire fighter, exposing them to Golden Gate Park and Chinatown. Once,Read MoreAttachment Theory As A Framework For Understanding Interpersonal And Emotional Outcomes Of Adults1442 Words   |  6 Pageshow parent relationships, affects a child’s early physiological development throughout adult-hood. In the past, research done on father -child relationships, has generally, focused on the attachment the child develops, when the father is absent in the child’s early stages of development. In my research, I found recent studies, performed on father-child relationships, and ho w secure attachment bonds are developed, when the father is not only present, but positively active in the child’s life. TheRead MoreA Child Called It Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesA Child Called It. Dave Pelzer is the survivor of the third worst case of child abuse in Californias history. Dave grew up with his two brothers and two parents. Catherine, Daves mother, loved to cook exotic meals for her family and decorate their home in creative and imaginative ways each holiday season. She was full of energy, often taking her kids on tours of downtown San Francisco while her husband was at work as a fire fighter, exposing them to Golden Gate Park and Chinatown. Once, whileRead MoreAnalysis Of Superman And Me By Sherman Alexie1160 Words   |  5 PagesAlcoholic parents verbally abuse and raise children to feel alone and invisible, damaging their future relationships and mental life. Award-winning Native American poet, and novelist, Sherman Alexie known for his critically acclaimed film, Smoke Signals (1998). He grew up on a reservation with poverty and addiction, and was isolated from his people by distinguishing himself academically and refusing to remain passive and submissive dur ing his younger years. The article, â€Å"Superman and Me,† demonstratesRead MoreJuvenile Children Of Alcoholics ( Acoas )1594 Words   |  7 Pagestreatment. For nearly a century, there have been treatment and recovery programs which focus on alcoholics themselves. But what about the family members who suffer the effects of living with someone who is an alcoholic? Often, children spend their entire youth and young adulthood dealing with the repercussions of having a parent who is under the influence. The research pertaining to adult children of alcoholics (ACoAs) is relatively new; the concept was recently coined in the late 1970s and early 1980sRead MoreSecure and Insecure Attachment - Paper1038 Words   |  5 Pagesto Berger (2011) it begins before birth, solidifies age, and influences relationships throughout life. The concept of attachment was originally developed by John Bowlby (1969,1973,1988), a British developmentalist influenced by psychoanalytic theory and etholo gy, the study of animals, a precursor to evolutionary psychology. ( Schore, 2001)Attachment theory is fundamentally a theory of the development of the personality over the lifespan (Ainsworth amp; Bowlby, 1992) Stages of Attachment Birth toRead MoreThe Abuse Of Drugs And Alcohol1365 Words   |  6 Pagesmask the pain instead of getting help for their problems. This reoccurring cycle affects the family system as a whole unit not just the individual. It is our jobs as educators to help educate parents in order to help children who are suffering from these alcohol or drug use effects. Children are the innocent victims in this sequence because they have no way of putting a stop to this vicious cycle. Substance abuse affects many families from all social economic statuses around the United States. TaylorRead MoreThe Effects Of Home Life On Children s Development896 Words   |  4 PagesEvery day, and in every home, kids are affected by the actions of those around them. Whether these people be their parents, their peers, teachers, or just strangers of the community, they all play huge roles in the young generation’s development, health and their ability to learn. Home-life is important, this may seem obvious, but to some it is all but clear. 1. Students are now spending about 15 percent (1,108 hours) of their time at school, which means for younger children who only spend at homeRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each oth er. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability to be competent parental figures. Drug addiction is a problem that is becoming

Beowulf A Mix of Pagan and Christian Beliefs Essay

How the Almighty had made the earth a gleaming plain girdled with waters; in His splendor He set the sun and the moon to be earths lamplight, lanterns for men and filled the broad lap of the world with branches and leaves; and quickened life in every other thing that moved.(Line 92) In this quote, the author describes how God made the earth and depicts reasons for him creating the sun and moon, saying that it acts like a lantern for men, lighting the earth. The author also describes how God gave life to everything else. The pagans were polytheists and never believed in one God, and if this is a pagan poem, then it was obviously rewritten. There is a part in the poem where the idea of repenting is brought up: Oh, cursed†¦show more content†¦/ Often, for undaunted courage, / fate spares the man it has not already marked. (Line 569) Beowulf is saying that God is watching over him, and him seeing the light is his way of saying he knows God is with him. In his reference of fate, he says that he would only die if it was his time to go, believing that if he was meant to die, he would have. God is even given praise for his help in defeating Grendel. Hrothgar describes Beowulfs actions as a gift of God and his mercy on him and his land: First and foremost, the Almighty Father be thanked for this sight. I suffered a long harrowing by Grendel. But the Heavenly Shepherd can work His wonders always and everywhere.(Line 927) He thanks God for him allowing the suffering to end, for Grendel to be beaten and ending the war between men and the monsters. The idea of fate is brought up again later on in the poem as well. In his battles he says that fate will decide who will win the b attle, in the fight with Grendel, his mother and as well as the Dragon: I wont shift a foot / when I meet the cave-guard: what occurs on the wall / between theShow MoreRelatedChristianity : The Rise Of Christianity1512 Words   |  7 PagesEuropean area, Paganism was a belief that was common among all people across Europe. Paganism involved polytheistic beliefs with ritualistic tradition and animal sacrifice. This belief was common in the Anglo-Saxon tradition, which is from where the epic poem Beowulf is thought to have originated circa 550 AD. Due to the origins of Beowulf being surrounded by Pagan tradition and culture and reliance on the method of oral recitation of the story, the poem holds Pagan influences. Examples of theseRead MorePaganism In Beowulf1411 Words   |  6 PagesPagan ideas and values were a large influence in the creation of Beowulf due to the period it was created in. As the narrative was passed down by mouth Christianity views were slowly developed into th e story. The poem was written after Anglo-Saxons were Christianized, but it is evident that pagan views were still in their mindsets. With these ideals still present, paganism and Christianity were woven into the story, and we see a mix of heroic ideals and self-sacrificing virtues that create a storyRead MoreBeowulf as a Pagan Oral Tradition Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pages The unknown author of Beowulf uses examples throughout the poem that suggest the story comes from an oral tradition. In the poem Beowulf, a Germanic scop, or bard, recites poetry orally, or in a song, usually telling stories about historical triumphs and adventures. These poets were referred to in this epic poem as carriers of tales..., traditional singer[s] deeply schooled in the lore[s] of the past (Beowulf 50). This was common in Germanic culture. Scops would keep folkloric heroes aliveRead MoreBeowulf And The Anglo Saxon Values Heroism1154 Words   |  5 Pageswhen in danger, helping those in need, and being the first one to step up and help, In the read Beowulf, he does just that. â€Å"A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles† This quote is perfect in relation to Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon beliefs. Heroism is displayed in many ways, It is showed all throughout the articles as well. Beowulf displays and greatly achieves one of the Anglo-Saxon values heroism through strength and greatnessRead MoreBeowulf : Portrait Of Anglo Saxon Society Essay2057 Words   |  9 Pages Beowulf: Portrait of Anglo-Saxon Society The Middle Ages in England began with the withdrawal of the Romans and the arrival of various Germanic tribes (the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes), during the mid-fifth century. These tribes, which became known as the Anglo-Saxons, were composed of people from North Germany, Denmark and northern Holland, and took control of most of Britain, except for lands such as Scotland, Wales or Cornwall (Hindley 23). They brought with them the tradition of oralRead MoreEssay on The Changing Concept of Hero988 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing faced, and the values of each of them. Beowulf has no known author but it is thought to be written before the Anglo-Saxon exodus is completed but after the conquest began (p.30). Also going on during this time was the conversion of the Anglo-Saxon pagans to Christianity by Saint Augustine of Canterbury’s mission. This may account for the major focus on Christian themes throughout Beowulf, while Beowulf as a character is seen as a very pagan character (Lane). For instance, Beowulf’s armorRead More The Use of Magic in Medieval Literature Essay2847 Words   |  12 Pagesmagic and magical creatures has been around for a long time, however, in the time period ranging from Beowulf to Malorys Arthur, there has been an evolution in attitudes and the consequent treatment of magic in medieval literature. The discussion of magic involves not only the disparity between Christian and pagan tradition but also of gender roles, most notably in the Arthurian mythos. Beowulf, Marie De Frances Bisclavret and Lanval, Sir Gawai n and the Green Knight and Sit Thomas Malorys Le Morte

Apush Notes Chapter 8 Free Essays

string(51) " numerous where the Anglican Church was strongest\." A. P. U. We will write a custom essay sample on Apush Notes Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. History Notes Chapter 8: â€Å"America Secedes from the Empire† ~ 1775 – 1783 ~ I. Congress Drafts George Washington 1. After the bloodshed at Lexington and Concord in April of 1775, about 20,000 Minutemen swarmed around Boston, where they outnumbered the British. 2. The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, with no real intention of independence, merely a desire to continue fighting in the hope that the king and Parliament would consent to a redress of grievances. a. It sent another list of grievances to Parliament. . It also adopted measures to raise money for an army and a navy. c. It also selected George Washington to command the army. 1) George had never risen above the rank of colonel, and his largest command had only been of 1200 men, but he was a tall figure who looked like a leader, and thus, was a moral boost to troops. 2) He radiated patience, courage, self-discipline, and a sense of justice, and though he insisted on working wi thout pay, he did keep a careful expense account amounting to more than $100,00. II. Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings 1. In the first year, the war was one of consistency, as the colonists maintained their loyalty while still shooting at the king’s men. 2. In May 1775, a tiny American force led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, surprised and captured the British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point. 3. In June 1775, the colonials seized Bunker Hill (before known as Breed’s Hill). a. Instead of flanking them, the Redcoats launched a frontal attack, and the heavily entrenched colonial sharpshooters mowed them down until meager gunpowder supplies ran out and they were forced to retreat. 4. After Bunker Hill, George III slammed the door for all hope of reconciliation and declared the colonies to be in open rebellion, a treasonous affair. 5. The King also hired many German mercenaries, called Hessians, who, because they were lured by booty and not duty, had large numbers desert and remained in America to become respectful citizens. III. The Abortive Conquest of Canada 1. In October 1775, the British burned Falmouth (Portland), Maine. 2. The colonists decided that invading Canada would add a 14th colony and deprive Britain of a valuable base for striking at the colonies in revolt. a. Also, the French-Canadians would support the Americans because they supposedly were bitter about Britain’s taking over of their land. b. General Richard Montgomery captured Montreal. c. At Quebec, he was joined by the bedraggled army of General Benedict Arnold. d. On the last day of 1775, in the assault of Quebec, Montgomery was killed and Arnold was wounded in one leg, and the whole campaign collapsed as the men retreated up the St. Lawrence River, reversing the way Montgomery had come. e. Besides, the French-Canadians, who had welcomed the Quebec Act, didn’t really like the anti-Catholic invaders. 3. In January 1776, the British set fire to Norfolk, Virginia, but in March, they were finally forced to evacuate Boston. 4. In the South, the rebels won a victory against some 1500 Loyalists at Moore’s Creek Bridge, in South Carolina, and against an invading British fleet at Charleston Harbor. IV. Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense 1. In 1776, Thomas Paine published Common Sense, which urged colonials to stop this war of inconsistency, stop pretending loyalty, and just fight. 2. Nowhere in the universe did a smaller body control a larger one, so Paine argued, saying why tiny Britain had to control gigantic America. . He called King George III â€Å"the Royal Brute of Great Britain. † V. Paine and the Idea of â€Å"Republicanism† 1. Paine argued his idea that there should be a â€Å"republic† where senators, governors, and judges should have their power from the consent of the people. 2. He laced his ideas with Biblical imagery, familiar to common folk. 3. Hi s ideas about rejecting monarchy and empire and embrace an independent republic fell on receptive ears in America, though it should be noted that these ideas already existed. a. The New Englanders already practiced this type of government in their town meetings. . Some patriots, though, favored a republic ruled by a â€Å"natural aristocracy. † VI. Jefferson’s â€Å"Explanation† of Independence 1. Members of the Philadelphia Congress, instructed by their colonies, gradually moved toward a clean break with Britain. 2. On June 7, 1776, fiery Richard Henry urged for complete independence, an idea that was finally adopted on July 2, 1776. 3. To write such a statement, Congress appointed Thomas Jefferson, already renown as a great writer, to concoct a Declaration of Independence. a. He did so eloquently, coming up with a list of grievances against King George III and persuasively explaining why the colonies had the right to revolt. b. His â€Å"explanation† of independence also upheld the â€Å"natural rights† of humankind. 4. When Congress approved it on July 2nd, John Adams proclaimed that date to be celebrated from then on with fireworks, but because of editing and final approval, it was not completely approved until July 4th, 1776. VII. Patriots and Loyalists 1. The War of Independence was a war within a war, as not all colonials were united. . There were Patriots, who supported rebellion and were called â€Å"Whigs. † b. There were Loyalists, who supported the King, often went to battle against fellow Americans, and were called â€Å"Tories. † c. There were those who didn’t care, and these people were constantly being asked to join one side or another. 2. During the war, the British proved that they could only control Tory areas, because when Redcoats packed up and left other areas, the rebels would regain control. 3. The Patriot militias constantly harassed small British detachments. 4. Loyalists were generally conservatives, but the war divided families. a. Benjamin Franklin was against his illegitimate son, William, the last royal governor of New Jersey. 5. The Patriots were generally the younger generation, like Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry. 6. Loyalists were most numerous where the Anglican Church was strongest. You read "Apush Notes Chapter 8" in category "Papers" 7. There were also those who sold to the highest bidder, selling the British and ignoring starving, freezing soldiers (i. e. George Washington at Valley Forge). 8. Loyalists were less numerous in New England, where Presbyterianism and Congregationalism flourished. VIII. The Loyalist Exodus 1. After the Declaration of Independence, Loyalists and Patriots were more sharply divided, and Patriots often confiscated Loyalist property and resell it (good way to raise money). 2. Some 50,000 Loyalists served the British in one way or another (fighting, spying, etc†¦), and it was an oddity that the Brits didn’t make more use of them during the war. IX. General Washington at Bay . After the evacuation of Boston, the British focused on New York as a HQ for operations. a. An awe-inspiring fleet appeared off the coast in July 1776, consisting of some 500 ships and 35,000 men—the largest armed force seen in America ever until the Civil War. b. Washington could only muster 18,000 ill-trained men to fight, and they were routed at the Battle of Long Island. c. Washington escaped to Manhattan Island, cross ed the Hudson River to New Jersey, reaching the Delaware River with taunting, fox-hunt calling British on his heels. d. Crossing the Delaware River at Trenton on a cold December 26, 1776, and surprised and captured a thousand Hessians who were sleeping off their Christmas Day celebration (drinking). e. He then left his campfires burning as a ruse, slipped away, and inflicted a sharp defeat on a smaller British detachment at Princeton, showing his military genius at its best. f. It was odd that General William Howe, the British general, didn’t crush Washington when he was at the Delaware, but he well remembered Bunker Hill, and was cautious. X. Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion 1. London officials adopted a complicated scheme for capturing the vital Hudson River Valley in 1777 which, if successful, would severe New England from the rest of the colonies: a. General Burgoyne would push down the Lake Champlain route from Canada. b. General Howe’s troops in New York, if needed, could advance up the Hudson and meet Burgoyne in Albany. c. A third and much smaller British force commanded by Colonel Barry St. Ledger would come in from the west by way of Lake Ontario and the Mohawk Valley. 2. However, Benedict Arnold, after failure at Quebec, retreated slowly along the St. Lawrence back to Lake Champlain, where the British would have to win control (of the lake) before proceeding. a. The Brits stopped to build a huge force, while Arnold assembled a tattered flotilla from whatever boats he could find. b. His â€Å"navy† was destroyed, but he had gained valuable time, because winter set in and the British settled in Canada; they would have to begin anew the next spring. 1) Had Arnold not contributed his daring and skill, the Brits most likely would have recaptured Ticonderoga and Burgoyne could have started from there and succeeded in his venture. 3. Burgoyne began his mission with 7000 troops and a heavy baggage train consisting of a great number of the officers’ wives. a. Meanwhile, sneaky rebels, sensing the kill, were gathering along his flanks. 4. General Howe, at a time when he should be starting up the Hudson, deliberately embarked for an attack on Philadelphia. a. He wanted to force an encounter with Washington and leave the path wide open for Burgoyne’s thrust; he thought he had enough time to help Burgoyne if needed. b. Washington transferred his troops to Philly, but was defeated at Brandywine Creek and Germantown. . Then, the fun-loving Howe settled down in Philadelphia, leaving Burgoyne â€Å"to the dogs. † d. Ben Franklin, in Paris, joked that Howe hadn’t captured Philadelphia, but that â€Å"Philadelphia had captured Howe. † 5. Washington finally retired for the winter at Valley Forge, where his troops froze in the cold, but a recently arrived Prussian drill master, Baron von Steu ben, whipped the cold troops into shape. 6. Burgoyne’s doomed troops were bogged down, and the rebels swarmed in with a series of sharp engagements, pushing the St. Legers force back at Oriskany while Burgoyne, unable to advance or retreat, surrendered his entire force at Saratoga, on October 17, 1777. a. Perhaps one of the most decisive battles in British and American history. XI. Strange French Bedfellows 1. France was eager to get revenge on Britain, and secretly supplied the Americans throughout much of the war. 2. After the humiliation at Saratoga, the British offered the Americans a measure that gave them home rule—everything they wanted except independence. 3. After Saratoga, France finally was persuaded to enter the war against Britain. a. Louis XVI’s ministers argued that this was the perfect time to act, because if Britain regained control, she might then try to capture the French West Indies for compensation for the war. b. Now was the time the strike, rather than risk a stronger Britain with its reunited colonies. 4. France, in 1778, offered a treaty of alliance, offering America everything that Britain had offered, plus recognition of independence. a. The Americans accepted with caution, since France was pro-Catholic, but since they needed help, they’d take it. XII. The Colonial War Becomes a World War 1. In 1779, Spain and Holland entered the war against Britain. . In 1780, Catherine the Great of Russia took the lead in organizing the Armed Neutrality (she later called it the Armed Nullity) that lined up all of Europe’s neutrals in passive hostility against England. 3. America, though it kept the war going until 1778, didn’t win until France, Spain, and Holland joined in and Britain co uldn’t handle them all. 4. Britain, with the French now in the seas, decided to finally evacuate Philadelphia and concentrate their forces in New York, and even though Washington attacked them at Monmouth on a blisteringly hot day in which scores of men died of sunstroke, the British escaped to New York. XIII. Blow and Counterblow 1. French reinforcements, commanded by Comte de Rochambeau, arrived in Newport, Rhode Island in 1780, but flares sometimes erupted between the Americans and the French. 2. In 1780, feeling unappreciated and lured by British gold, General Benedict Arnold turned traitor by plotting with the British to sell out West Point. a. When the plot was discovered, he fled with the British. b. â€Å"Whom can we trust now? † cried George Washington in anguish. 3. The British devised a plan to roll up the colonies from the South. a. Georgia was ruthlessly overrun in 1778-1779. b. Charleston, South Carolina, fell in 1780. . In the Carolinas, Patriots bitterly fought their Loyalist neighbors. d. However, in 1781, American riflemen wiped out a British detachment at King’s Mountain, and then defeated a smaller force at Cowpens. e. At the Carolina campaign of 1781, Quaker-reared tactician General Nathanael Greene distinguished himself with his strategy of delay. 1) By slowly retreating and losing battles but winning campaigns, he helped clear the British out of most of Georgia and South Carolina. XIV. The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier 1. 1777 was known as the â€Å"bloody year† on the frontier, as Indians went on a scalping spree. . Most of the Indians supported Britain and believed that if they won, it would stop American expansion into the West, and save Indian land. 3. Mohawk chief Joseph Brant, recently converted to Anglicanism, and his men ravaged the backcountry of Pennsylvania and New York until check by Americans in 1779. 4. In 1784, the pro-British Iroquois (the Oneidas and the Tuscaroras had sided with the Americans, the other four with the British) signed the Treaty of For Stanwix, the first treaty between the U. S. and an Indian nation. a. Under its terms, the Indians ceded most of their land. 5. Even in wartime, pioneers moved west, showing their gratitude to the French with such town names as Louisville while remembering the Revolution with Lexington, Kentucky. 6. George Rogers Clark, an audacious frontiersman, floated down the Ohio River with about 175 in 1778-1779 and captured forts Kaskaskia, Chohokia, and Vicennes in quick succession. 7. The tiny American navy never really hurt the British warships, but it did destroy British merchant shipping and carried the war into the waters around the British Isles. 8. Swift privateers preyed on enemy shipping, capturing many ships and forcing them to sail in convoys. XV. Yorktown and the Final Curtain. 1. Before the last decisive victory, inflation continued to soar, and the government was virtually bankrupt, and announced that it could only repay many of its debts at a rate of 2. 5 cents on the dollar. 2. However, Cornwallis was blundering into a trap. a. Retreating to Chesapeake Bay and assuming that British control of the seas would give him much needed backup, Cornwallis instead was trapped by Washington’s army, which had come 300 miles from New York, Rochambeau’s French army, and the navy of French Admiral de Grasse. . After hearing the news of Cornwallis’ defeat, Lord North cried, â€Å"Oh God! It’s all over! † 4. Stubborn King George wanted to continue the war, since he still had 54,000 troops in North America and 32,000 in the U. S. , and fighting did continue for about a year after Yorktown, especially in the South, but America had won. XVI. Peace at Paris 1. Many Brits were weary of the war, since they had suffered heavy reverse in India and the West Indies, the island of Minorca in the Mediterranean had fallen, and the Rock of Gibraltar was tottering. . Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay met in Paris for a peace deal. a. Jay suspected that France would try to keep the U. S. cooped up east of the Alleghenies and keep America weak. b. Instead, Jay, thinking that France would betray American ambitious to satisfy those of Spain, secretly made separate overtures to London (against instructions from Congress) and came to terms quickly with the British, who were eager to entice one of their enemies from the alliance. 3. The Treaty of Paris of 1783, Britain formally recognized the USA and granted generous boundaries, stretching majestically to the Mississippi on the west, the Great Lakes on the north, and to Spanish Florida on the South. a. The Yankees also retained a share in the priceless fisheries of Newfoundland. b. Americans couldn’t persecute Loyalists, though, and Congress could only recommend legislatures that confiscated Loyalist land. XVII. A New Nation Legitimized 1. Britain had ceded so much land because it was trying to entice America from its French alliance. a. Remember, George Rogers Clark had only conquered a small part of the land. 2. Also, during the time, the American-friendly Whigs were in control of the Parliament, which was not to be the case in later years. 3. France approved the treaty, though with cautious eyes. 4. In truth, America came out the big winner, and seldom, if ever, have any people been so favored. XVIII. Makers of America: The Loyalists 1. Loyalists were conservative, well-educated, thought that a complete break with Britain would invite anarchy, and felt that America couldn’t win against the more powerful army in the world. . Many Britons had settled in America after the Seven Years’ War, and they had reason to support their home country. 3. Thousands of African-Americans joined the British ranks for hope of freedom from bondage. a. Many Black Loyalists won their freedom from Britain. b. Others suffered betrayal, such as when Cornwallis abandoned over 4000 former slaves in Virginia and when many Black Loyalists boarded ships expecting to embark for freedom and instead found themselves sold back into slavery. c. Some Black exiles settled in Britain, but weren’t really accepted easily. . Most Loyalists remained in America, where they faced special burdens and struggled to re-establish themselves in a society that viewed them as traitors. 5. Hugh Gaine, though, succeeded. a. He reopened his business and even won contracts fro the new government. b. He also published the new national army regulations authored by Baron von Steuben. c. When New York ratified the Constitution in 1788, Gaine rode the float at the head of the city’s celebration parade. d. He had, like many other former Loyalists, become an American. How to cite Apush Notes Chapter 8, Papers

Assignment Sample Built on Issues in Wedding Planning Business

Question 1- Identify and discuss the different types of documentation required when setting up a wedding planning business? Answer - When we want to set up a wedding planning business we can establish a private company to run our business. The documents which are required for formation of a wedding business company is Form IN01 which contains the name of the company, the location of companys registered office, name of first directors, name of company secretary, statement of capital and the class of shares. The second document required is the memorandum of association which contains the names and addresses of the subscribers who form the company. In case the company is limited each subscriber should have to the least one share. The last document required is the articles of association which states the rules to run the company handle and manage the internal affairs of the company business and states the legal responsibilities. In case of articles of Association if a standard Model articles are used then the need to submit it to the Companies House is not there (Startups Team, 2014). Now the formation of company has become much easier as the whole process of formation has become online and so now physical signatures are not required. The Companies House has started with these services on their website by using a system called business link. This has led to decrease in the cost of formation of a wedding business company. Question 2- Discuss various aspects of the data protection act 1988 that relate to a wedding planning business? Answer - The Data Protection Act 1988 helps to regulate the personal information that is used in the wedding business plan. The main aim of the Act is to protect the privacy rights which are held by the wedding business. The personal data and information of people are to be kept in safe manner (Terry Gorry Co. Solicitors, 2015). There are certain principles which are supposed to be used in a strict manner. The information of wedding business should be used in fair and lawful manner. Also it can be used only for stated and limited purpose (UK Government, 2014). The act covers all business, self-employed and people who work from home and all others who have information whether it is large or small on computer which is personal and related to a living person. It is obligatory to put and record all the information other than name, address and phone number in the Data Protection Registrar. Everyone have been given the right to see any information related to them and get it deleted or changed in c ase they do not think it to be appropriate. The wedding business has to get registered before starting its operations. After the registration is done a Code of Practice is issued to all the businesses in order to keep the information held by them in safe mode, to ensure to keep correct information and meets the needs of people. The wedding business has a lot of personal information about people in their records and it is their duty to maintain the privacy of such information. They should abide by the individual rights where the one whose information is given in computerized form has the right to see any information and to correct the information which is wrong or needs to be deleted from the records. It is essential that the people whose personal information is kept with the wedding business assure that their information shall not be used and revealed without their prior agreement to the same (Brumfitt K , Barnes S, Norris L, Jones J) Question 3- Describe ways in which a wedding planning business can be marketed to gain maximum exposure to potential clients? Answer - It is very essential that the people should know about your business and its product. The wedding business cannot exist in the market unless it attracts the people towards its features. There are many ways by which the wedding planning business can be marketed to the potential clients. The message should reach the potential clients in the same way as it is being represented. It should be concise and clear. First is the use of print media. This would include brochures, newspaper, mail letters, magazine, advertisements and circulars. These helps to reach the mass media and to make public at large know about the company and its features. Through this there would be more awareness among people about the products offered. The other way to market the wedding business is through establishing and maintaining good public relations. Good clientele can give you further new clientele. Therefore it is very important to be associated with the right people who are your target segment. The word of m outh is a very strong way of promoting your business. Both good and bad promotion travel the fastest through this mode of communication. Therefore, your good offers and services shall be well appreciated by people even if they havent been associated to you in any way. The next way would be to use broadcast media to market your business. Everyone uses any one of the broadcast media be it television, radio or cinema. The advertisement in it should be catchy and the message should be clear. This is one of the most attractive and long lasting ways to market as it leaves an image in the minds of people even after the advertisement is over. There are also other modes like online media, outdoor media etc. which help in marketing the wedding business. Every business should know which way would best suit it depending on the target market and the cost factor (Sir Gar). Question 4- Identify and describe the necessary financial information that is required to be collected and submitted to HMRC? Answer - When we start the wedding business it is required to notify Her Majestys Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Therefore, the business house shall be required to submit statements for calculation of tax to the Inspector of taxes (University of Cambridge, 2010). The HMRC requires the companies and organizations to submit their company tax returns in XBRL format. This shall be attached along with the financial statements and tax computations in iXBRL (Arkk Solutions, 2014). The necessary financial information that is required to be collected and submitted to HMRC by the wedding plan business would be all the invoices and business related expenses will be submitted. The other documents required are vouchers used to pay of salaries and dividends during relevant year. Details of interest on loans and credit cards are required to be submitted. In case of any income received from foreign country or any capital gains made by disposing off the property or shares is required to be submitted. Payments ma de towards pension, charity and aids will also be furnished. In the present year calculation for last years tax bills shall be considered (Crunch accountants, 2014). The businesses which are registered are required to maintain records and accounts for a period of at least seven years. Depending on the financial complexities the documents shall be required. The VAT authorities makes a visit in companies which are registered and shall make sure that all the records are available and necessary information is there to support the claims made by the businesses. References Startups Team, 2014, What documents do you need to submit to register your company? Terry Gorry Co. Solicitors, 2015, Data protection law and your business an overview UK Government, 2014, Data protection. Brumfitt K , Barnes S, Norris L, Jones J, Business planning, pp.62, Nelson Thornes. Sir Gar, Marketing your business, pp. 24, Carmarthenshire County Council. Crunch accountants, 2014, How to complete HMRCs online self assessment filing. Arkk Solutions, 2014, FAQ. University of Cambridge, 2010, Business finance-advanced level, pp. 12, United Kingdom.

Digitalization of “Content” Using “Content Management System” with Validation and Authentication of Credential and Process Essay Example

Digitalization of â€Å"Content† Using â€Å"Content Management System† with Validation and Authentication of Credential and Process Essay Digitalization of â€Å"Content† using â€Å"Content Management System† with validation and authentication of credential and process Sri Gunamoy Hazra (Lecturer, B. B College, Burdwan University) Dr. Parimalendu Bandyopadhya (Asst. Professor North Bengal University) Sri Joydeep Chowdhury (Former Lecturer B. B College) Introduction: ECM (Enterprise Content Management System) is being considered one of the emerging technologies which not only provide â€Å"Enterprise Business Processing Support† but also enable the organization to compete among the different operators and leaders of particular sectors. Now a day the organization are giving more emphasis on â€Å"Leveraging capability of Business Process according to the need† and â€Å"Co-ordination of different phases and process to satisfy the Business and Client requirement†. Organizations increasingly wanted to be able to leverage the capabilities of multiple ECM/EDMS products. Consider, for example, the needs of a customer service department, where imaging, document management, and workflow functionality could be brought together to allow agents to access any information needed to resolve a customer inquiry. Likewise, an accounting department could access supplier invoices from a COLD/ERM system, purchase orders from an imaging system, and contracts from a document management system as part of an approval workflow. The co-ordination of different phase of â€Å"Document Processing Business Process or Approval and workflow based Business Process† may require the synchronization. For example, in a PWD department a hard copy document submitted for approval will be uploaded to the next phase of â€Å"Automated Workflow Process† if the signature of the authorize clerk of respective department is verified and respective privileges are observe. Similarly, the document will be contain the signature of authorized officer after approval as a hard copy. The following process cycle will depict the how this will work: We will write a custom essay sample on Digitalization of â€Å"Content† Using â€Å"Content Management System† with Validation and Authentication of Credential and Process specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Digitalization of â€Å"Content† Using â€Å"Content Management System† with Validation and Authentication of Credential and Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Digitalization of â€Å"Content† Using â€Å"Content Management System† with Validation and Authentication of Credential and Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The viability of the â€Å"Research Work† will not only enhance the capability of â€Å"Enterprise Content Management System†, but, it also enhance the capability of â€Å"Integrated Supply Chain Management System†, â€Å"Integrated Human Resource Management System†, â€Å"Integrated ERP† and â€Å"Integrated CRM† etc, with â€Å"Document Management System†. The sectors such as especially â€Å"Information Technology/ITES†, â€Å"Retail†, †Utilities†, †Banking and Finance† etc will increase the productivity at least 30% after implementation of these application. Rationality for choosing the topic: The integration of â€Å"Enterprise Content Management System† with other packages and applications will fill up the gap between the implementation and planning of business process and enhance the capability, process optimization and optimal utilization of process, better business logic mapping, large market coverage, customer satisfaction, advantage in competitive world, market value, social responsibility, optimal resource utilization, employee satisfaction and organization growth etc. )Execution of highly planed â€Å"Business Process†:The approach will automate the â€Å"Business Process† which require the verification and validation of documents and capture the data from respective documents. The which fill up the gap between the implementation and planning of business process. Suppose, in â€Å"Banking System† if somebody want to draw a cheque or want to with draw a cheque, the road block of the process is â€Å" Capture the signature of applicant and capture the DD number†. The â€Å"Capture Module† which is a image processer is capture the â€Å"signature† and verify this with respective applicant signature. If verification is done then it will approve the DD and save the information. 2)Enhance the capability of â€Å"Service Provider†: It can enhance the â€Å"Capability† of organization by implementing, reengineering and automate the â€Å"Business Process†. In insurance industry, for insurance claim its need to verify and validate the signature and other documents of applicants. The â€Å"Capture and validation† module of this system helps to process multiple records which increase customer satisfaction and bring the organization in top row of the competitive world. )Process optimization: The â€Å"Capture and verification† module is make a synchronization between â€Å"Processing of Hard copy† of the documents and the cycle of processing of â€Å"Softcopy of Documents†. So, the there will be a synchronization between â€Å"Existing Processes† and the newer one. For e. g. in â€Å"Income Tax† department the for tax filling one applicant has to upload the â€Å"Signature and Picture†. If in future the tax filling will be done manually in case, the upload the respective documents, its require â€Å"Signature Verification or Credential Verification†. Similarly, to approve the tax filling the income tax department requires to verify the â€Å"Signature of particular applicant†. 4)Better mapping of Business Process: The â€Å"Credential Capturing and verification† process the organization will be an software application where the organization can apply any â€Å"Business Logic Rules†. There are two type of rules-i) Declarative Rule ii) Code based rule. For e. g. consider the Airport Authority of any country requires the approval of clearance of transported goods from source Airport Authority(in this case we can use the sill). The business rule can be like if sill date is much older, the goods will be pending for approval. Fig: E-form base and hard form processing Fig: Integrated E-form base and Hard form processing 5)Large market focus and customer satisfaction: The big advantage of â€Å"Capture and verification† process is that it not only enable to take the data coming through e-form or e-source, it can able to take the data which is provided as hard copy to the system. It is suitable for the developed countries where most people use computer system and also for the under developed countries. It is also suitable for developing countries like India where the automation is taking place. For e. g. to apply for a car lone which can be applied by filling up e-form and the documents of asset can be verified by bank â€Å"capture and verification† process. This can cover a large scale of customer and serve all of them satisfactorily. )Employee Satisfaction: Inside a organization, there are ample of business process used to operate where most of the ground level employee scare or show lack of eagerness to participate because of submission of document which will go through the manual approval process, injection of hard copy in a particular processes. For e. g. if one organization asking employee to purchase its stake and interested employee should submit address proof. The employee will be satisfy if the validation of address proof will be automated a nd especially less time taken, which leads more participation. )Observe Social Responsibility: This approach will do the process of lots of pending approval process in a most short span of time. It will help people to engage and obey the processes and take the benefits of the facilities provided by Government or other authority. It will helps people who live in far flung areas for India such as North East region can take the advantage of Government. As an idea- such a far flung areas people take the advantages of E-court where the hard copy of the document validation has a big role. This approach not only leads to satisfaction of people but also create a paper free document capture process. This approach not only leads the organization growth but also approached people to be engage and take the facility of advance technologies with advance â€Å"Business Process† for the organization and social facilities. Objective of Study: The objective of this study is to build an application that not only capture the image but it can capture the proper image and can compare a respective image which will be use here as credential of a person. The captured image will be converted to linguistic information and be saved in database. The specific objectives of the application is to make the â€Å"Organizational Processes† and â€Å"Public Sector Processes† more advance, sophisticated, easy to use, reliable, scalable and more over related to the need of people. The following factors elaborate the objective in a wide frame to make the process adaptable: 1)Advance technology: Since â€Å"ECM† is most advance technology to manage documents, data, information and work process, it is easier to make the â€Å"Capture and verification† module integrated with this ECM tool. The user will be getting a single platform to interact with document, make the version, discuss on document related topic and especially build work flow. The module will be a service which will be access by any platform an in web. Easy to use: The application will be contains the easy to use interface to work with and any people can access that. 2)Scalable and reliable: To make application more reliable the â€Å"Capture and Verification† process will be contained the choice able human interface and a degree of reliability measurement interface. The interface will display the â€Å"Image retrieval† process and â€Å"Capture Credential†. Since this will be hosted as service it will be access able by any application and package. To reach more and more people it can use web model. Mapped with people need: Document submission related with the â€Å"Process of Document†, â€Å"Workflow† and â€Å" Manage of Contents† etc. The main road blocks for the people are-i] Submission of the documents which may related with the postal delay or other factors especially in â€Å"Public Sector† ii] Other is the verification of the document use to take a long time. This application will attach the respective documents with automated E-process with a easy to access interface and process them very fast. So, people will not have to wait for long time in a long queue. Implementation: The application contains three modules to capture images, manage and verify images, store image and deliver results. The following are the brief ideas of different modules of application. 1. 1 Capture and verification : The Capture and verification category contains functionalities and components for generating, capturing, preparing and processing analog and electronic information. Capture components are often also called Input components. There are several levels and technologies, from simple information capture to complex information preparation using automatic classification. They are as follows: 1. 2 Manage: this is for the management, processing, and use of information. It use inter-process communication with others components. They incorporate: 1. Databases for administration and retrieval, and 2. Access authorization systems. The goal of a closed ECM system is to provide these two components just once as services for all Manage solutions such as Document Management, Collaboration, Web Content Management, Records Management and Workflow / Business Process Management. The components are: 1. 3 Store: Store components are used for the temporary storage of information which it is not required or desired to archive. Even if it uses media that are suitable for long-term archiving, Store is still separate from Preserve. The store components are: Flow of data/queries from user to repository and information to user 1. 4 Deliver: It used to present information from the Manage, Store. They also contain functions used to enter information in systems or for readying information for the Store components. Since the component model is function-based and not to be regarded as architecture, we can assign these and other components here. The functionality in the Deliver category is also known as output and summarized under the term Output Management. . The component used here are: Transformation technologies: Transformations should always be controlled and tractable. This is done by background services which the end user generally does not see. Here the information from repository convert to other format and delivered to either user or other media. Security: When transformation going on we must remember that information should be safe. Distribution: All of the above technologies basically serve to provide the various contents of an ECM to target users by various routes. Hypothesis of Study: The â€Å"Enterprise Content Management† system based digitalization of documents has a vast significance on â€Å"Business of Organization† and on current market. The analysis has contains both 1) Primary and 2) Secondary Data which has been analyzed and estimated. The discussion will show how the application enhances the organization productivity, market share, reduce effort and provide customer satisfaction. The primary data has been collected from the field of IT/ITES industries which has either incorporated â€Å"Digitalization† approaches to â€Å"Content Management System† or has an concrete plan for such implementation. Increase Productivity, Throughput and Customer Satisfaction: To prove this the primary data has been collected from organization level. The primary data has shown a reputed IT firm which was trying to â€Å"capture the details of employee record as pdf in document library of Enterprise Content Management System†. This effort requires separating documents according to type, the major part i. e. verify the documents, check response, converting these to PDF and uploading one by one with metadata. One survey, during a month depicted that the process requires 3-4 persons together to work on above respective segment with separate system. It requires one month uploading 100 records manually. Whereas the digitalization of the system can do it with one person 630 records uploading in one month. Whereas the expected values of record uploading is 640-650 per person. The reduction of effort with this system is: 30X630/100X3=63% Reduction of Stuff: 1/3 (Approx) Increase of productivity:18. 09:1( Automation: Manual Process) Deviation of hypothesis is= (640-630)^2/640=0. 15 (Approx) using Chi-square; since probability is gt;0. 05. the hypothesis is accepted and the reduction of effort due to working condition factors. Large need of this application in market: The secondary data has shown that â€Å"Image Capturing and Processing(Require for Verification and Validation module)† market is expected to reach a size of $2. billion by 2014, at a CAGR of 12. 7% from 2009 i. e. $2. 21 billion to 2014. The software market is one of the most important segments and is expected to reach a market size of $1. 3 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 11%. By 2010, analysts predict sales in Europe market will reach $1,47-billion – compared with $0,47-billion in 2003. In 2010, the real market revenue till April was $2. 21128 billion , where the expected revenue is $2. 28 billion till December 2010. Deviation is= (2. 28-2. 213)^2/2. 28=0. 2149 where pgt;0. 5 and is consider the factors as market issue and is considered On the other hand, according to the Gartner- the worldwide enterprise content management (ECM) software market has grown more than 12 percent per year through 2010, from $2. 6 billion in 2006 to more than $4. 2 billion in 2010, according to Gartner, Inc. In 2007, worldwide ECM revenue was around to total $2. 9 billion, which is increased $3. 3 billion in 2008 and $3. 75 billion in 2009. Till April 2010 the revenue for ECM around $ 4. 5 billion. Where the deviation=(4. 2-4. 5)^2/4. 2=0. 021 which is showing positive deviation. From the entire above hypothesis it shows this tool has huge demand on daily base work and good prospect. Methodology/ Database: To go ahead with this research paper the different methodology has been chosen. The images that has been used here is simple â€Å"JPEG†,†GIF†, â€Å"Bit map† and â€Å"PNG† images. Also â€Å"Word Document† and â€Å"PDF† has consider. The methodology is used is â€Å"Segmentation† and â€Å"Line based Character Processing†. To store the images mainly files and database has been used. To prove the hypothesis the primary data has been collected from field of Service based sectors and IT industries. Whereas the market research data are most of the cases secondary and placed from Gartner. Conclusion: Till now, most of the capture software either can capture a few information, such as KCN of Kofax or Capture of FileNet, XEROX. But, authentication of document is still an untouched area. The credentials are of different kind such as â€Å"Signature of Applicant or Authority†, â€Å"Sill of Authority†. The second phase, for any verification queries the system automatically verify the credential with respective department or applicant by e-mail option. This application not only reduces the human effort in validation and manages the captured information but also reduces the time line for expected through put. It can technically enhance the entire ECM and other web based services and product. Since, in India most of the IT/ITES and BPO organizations are use to serve in insurance, banking and service based domain, this application will helps them to achieve the target and provide the services in optimal ways and obviously in low cost. For specially in â€Å"Public Sectors† , it will help people to get application shorted out and required result in short span of time. The software companies look to provide software solutions with the basic ECM functionality that will address the functional requirements commonly required by the majority of organizations but still the â€Å"Credential Verification† area is untouched. The result is likely to be a stratification of the current ECM market, based on the level of content services that different organizations require. The day is not very far when we can see people are intended to use the ECM system for their own business as well as in home also. And, it will save our time to manage, retrieve the require data. We can get required information at a glance and it will assure full security of data. In, one word it will be a outstanding DATABASE INFORMATION GENERATING SYSTEM in â€Å"Private and Public Sector† are to serve the need of people. Reference: Enterprise content management methods: what you need to know By Tom Jenkins, Walter Kohler, John Shackleton. Advances in computer-assisted recognition: 27th AIPR Workshop : 14-16 October, 1998, Washington, Part 3 Image pattern recognition: synthesis and analysis in biometrics By Svetlana N. Yanushkevich, Patrick S. P. Wang, Marina L. Gavrilova Progress in automatic signature verification By Rejean Plamondon Intelligent data engineering and automated learning: edited by Jiming Liu, Yiuming Cheung, Hujun Yin Expanding a digital content management system: for the growing digital media By Magan H. Arthur Content Management Market Opportunities, Strategies, and Forecasts, 2005 To 2011 Image processing a booming market: http://www. engineeringnews. co. za/article/image-processing-a-booming-market-2007-08-03

The Aspern Papers Essays

The Aspern Papers Essays The Aspern Papers Essay The Aspern Papers Essay This obsession results in arrogance and greed, consuming the Narrator and leading to his ultimate regret. I. The Balance of Value and Privacy There is little reason to think that this story is meant to highlight the balance between value and privacy. Although the Narrator and his partner find great value in the works of Jeffrey Aspire, there is very little indication that others share in this desire to see the works. In fact, the Narrator himself mentions, after referring to Aspire as a God, that he and his partner had recognized IM most. 1 Additionally, Mrs.. Preset knew nothing of the significance of Miss Bordeaux in spite of having lived in Venice for 15 years. Mrs.. Preset also recognizes the Narrators obsession when mentioning that the Narrator appeared to be seeking the answer to the riddle of the universe. 2 This is not to say that Jeffrey Aspire is not well known or that his papers would not have been sought by others Miss Bordeaux mentions he was all the fashion3 when she was young but it is unlikely that his desire to make the papers public potentially justifies his deception. Not only is there a lack of reason to believe that the papers hold great value to others, there is little reason to think that privacy considerations of Miss Bordeaux are meant to be compelling. There is an expectation of privacy with matters and documents that individuals choose to keep private, if even for the simple fact that they should have the ability to do so. This is especially true of valuables and personal mementos. However, James downplays the importance of the papers being kept secret. Although Tina mentions that Miss Bordeaux loves them4 and is Very fond f them,5 she says nothing to imply that Miss Bordeaux would be particularly upset if others had read the papers. In fact, Tina reveals that Miss Bordeaux fondly talked Of Aspire twenty years ago and Tina mentions that she did not believe anything in the papers would be painful to Miss Bordeaux. Although Miss Bordeaux likely knew for a considerable time that the Narrator was scheming to get the papers, she presents him with the portrait of Aspire. She knows that showing him the portrait will only increase the danger of the papers being taken, which indicates that concealing the papers was not the most important consideration for her. Rather, it seems that Miss Borderlands primary motivation in her dealings with the Narrator is to acquire as much pecuniary profit as possible. The Narrator remarks multiple times that her interest in money was off-putt Eng, mentioning that he couldnt get used to the idea that this vision of pecuniary profit was most what drew out the divine Juliann. 6 Additionally, after Miss Bordeaux dies, Tina mentions that she believes Miss Bordeaux meant to tell her that she would have approved of the Narrator having the papers if he married Tina. Miss Bordeaux is not concerned with keeping the papers hidden for her privacy, but instead she keeps them hidden because she does not want to give anything away freely that she could instead use to enhance her financial standing and Titans wellbeing. Although we can not be sure of Miss Borderlands intent, James absolutely fails to highlight the importance to Miss Bordeaux that the papers be kept secret. Lastly, James leaves little question as to whether the Narrators actions are warranted. The Narrator himself admits that he is sorry for the hypocrisy and duplicity that he must engage in, UT that he has no other option than to continue his course. He does not attempt to use the need for the papers as a justification of his actions, but merely the reason for them. The Narrators actions are clearly objectionable, as evidenced by his thoughts that he could sleep with Tina to mask his deception and that he enjoyed the idea that Miss Bordeaux could die at any moment, giving him the opportunity to pounce on her possessions. 7 The lack of known value of the papers, the lack of showing that their revelation would cause harm, and the obviousness that the Narrators actions are unethical indicate that it was not James intent for the reader to struggle with whether or not the Narrator is validated in seeking the papers by deception. However, most readers still sympathize with the publishing sco undrel. 8 II. The Curse of Obsession While driven by his obsession, leading him to deceive and attempt to steal, the Narrator fails in the very way he feared he might upon arriving at the home. As he predicts, it leaves him without another arrow/ for his bow. This defeat, and the reason we feel so connected to the Narrator in his quest s likely what led James to remark in the preface that he might have looked up Miss Claremont had he known of her whereabouts and he luckily not had to deal with the difficult option. 10 Although the Narrator overcomes nearly every obstacle along the way, he does so at significant cost. Because the Narrator misreads Miss Borderlands and Titans abilities, he thinks he is being cunning and deceptive, all the while falling into Miss Borderlands traps. Initially, he desires to be housed by Miss Bordeaux, however he pays roughly 10 times the value of the lodging. He also desires to be seen by her, which exults in purchasing additional flowers for the garden. Later, he wishes to see a portrait of Aspire and makes that known to Tina. Subsequently, Miss Bordeaux presents the portrait in the garden but keeps it from his possession. At each of these obstacles, he pays greatly or provides information about his motives and plans without gaining significant information in return. Miss Bordeaux does not show him the portrait because he wants to see it, but because she wants him to see it. Has he no reason to think that Tina made his request known to Miss Bordeaux and she knew that he was seeking the papers? He absolutely does, but he is unable to look past the urge to obtain the papers and see that he faces a true adversary in Miss Bordeaux. Not only does each victory cost the Narrator greatly, he also suffers when finally achieving his goals. At the very beginning of the story he mentions to Mrs.. Preset that he had been unable to touch the hands of someone Aspire had touched or look into a single pair of eyes into which his had looked. 1 1 He ends up beholding Miss Borderlands extraordinary eyes at the cost Of being caught in the act of trying to find the papers and being horribly ashamed. 2 In the end, he acquires the portrait of Aspire that he wanted, however it represents a very painful memory, such that whenever he looks at it he can scarcely bear [his] loss. 13 What he has lost is perhaps the most debated topic of the story. The Narrator overcomes all of the obstacles he faced in his quest to get the papers, however when presented with the opportunity to discover them, he is unab le to meet the request of marrying Tina. All of his work and deception has led him to the very moment where all he needs to do is accept, but he slips. Are the papers the loss he IS referring to? Or is it perhaps the opportunity to marry Tina? Many possibilities can be offered as the reason for his loss, which is why the Narrator clarifies to the reader that he is referring to the papers. Regardless of the reason for his loss, the reflection and honest statement that he can scarcely bare the loss makes it clear that he has suffered greatly through these endeavors. But shouldnt we view this as him getting his just deserts? Although he acts badly in attempting to acquire the papers, James makes it clear that the Narrator is not a bad person generally.

Interpretation of Hamlet Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Interpretation of Hamlet - Term Paper Example So, Hamlet becomes the object of counter revenge, Laertes seeking requital for the murder of his father. By the last act of the play, after his adventures at sea, Hamlet is utterly convinced of the rightness of his cause and necessity of killing Claudius, whom he describes as a cancer in society. He himself sees as a humble instrument of heaven, and to fail his duty in removing that cancer would be at the peril of his own soul. Hamlet ends in Victory and failure. The possibility that a man has been picked out to do a deed which society condemns but which a higher, divine authority sanctions is balanced against the possibility that Ghost led Hamlet into delusion and error, and bewildered him till he died. Shakespeare’s Hamlet falls in the category of revenge play. It is called so as he has to avenge the death of his father whom he believes, has been murdered. This seems to be confirmed by the ghost as well. Is the presence of Ghost a hallucination or reality, it could never be confirmed but ghost gives Hamlet a motive, motive to avenge for his father’s death. His father’s death is a shock to him, when he arrives home he finds his mother already married to Claudius, his uncle and assuming the Thorne. Everything appears fishy to Hamlet .He is unable to understand this fact how his own mother could haste into new marriage bed when his father’s funeral ground is still fresh .There is no one to tell him the truth he cannot trust anyone even his own mother. Hamlet has no other way to extract the truth but to feign madness. A theme is defined as a central idea, which a literary works convey. There are various themes that run in Hamlet. The first theme that is found in this work of Shakespeare is the Revenge. Hamlet is at the core a revenge tragedy. It is his desire for the vengeance that leads to his down fall. The revenge tragedy was first introduced in Greece and on Elizabethan revenge tragedies we find large influence of Seneca, a Roman P laywright. A revenge play revolves around the crime committed. The crime is essentially committed but the culprit is unpunished by the standard laws of justice. Now, someone needs to take this responsibility and when Ghost of the king confirms Hamlet about the unjust happening, Hamlet rouse up for vengeance. Another theme is the complexity of action. The action is present in every revenge play but in Hamlet it becomes intricate because the protagonist undergoes a series of thought before performing any action. He is affected by rational and emotional considerations. He thinks too ethically and he broods on the consequence of his action. But when he prefers to act he does it blindly and recklessly .His dilemma is to be or not to be (Act III, Scene II).It is this impasse that makes him a greatest tragic hero. The third theme that Hamlet deals with is the mystery of Death. Throughout the play Hamlet ponders on the idea of death. He thinks about death and the spiritual aftermath. He is so preoccupied with the entire idea that he starts thinking about his own death. He is frustrated of the world around him and ponders suicide but what stops him is this question-Is suicide legitimate in Christianity? He fears if he commits suicide then he would be condemned to eternal sufferings of the hell. His misery is that he is unable to reconcile with his father’s sudden death, his mother’s indifference and his uncle’s apathy. His sufferings are endless. Theme of corruption is

Crime Prevention and Private Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crime Prevention and Private Policing - Essay Example This therefore means that private police are to create any preventive means so as not to distract the legitimate flow of the business, which in most cases the distraction of the flow will be due to the presence of crime. In the presence of more focus private police on protecting assets and property, there is a guarantee to establish a normal flow or condition of the business. Furthermore, with the inclusion of private policing in a private organization, the implementation of justice within this bound is straightforward such as firing an anomalous employee who committed crime against the prevailing policies or established law of the company. However, private policing creates an image for the criminal justice system as for-profit venture. Furthermore, as a nongovernmental action, it is not bound by the same legal requirements as public policing. These concerns are discussed in this paper. Introduction Traditional policing has long been a controversy regarding its ability to decrease th e level of crime rate. It is for this reason that adding more number of police on duty has become a significant decision as it is integrated with the idea that doing so will help reduce the crime rate. However, as far as the underlying truth about it is concerned, there are many research studies that try to investigate whether adding more police officers on duty will help alleviate or discourage the presence of crime. The available literature revealed that there is no significant evidence to support the assumption or claim that if there is addition of number of police personnel on duty, crime rate will decrease (Worrall, 2008). However, even if there is no associated truth behind the above traditional claim regarding policing, people are still able to rely on private policing to ensure safety, protection and to ward off any incident linked to the formulation of crime (Plant & Scott, 2009). This for instance is common to happen in private companies trying to maximize its level of con trol for the safety of their operations. It is for this reason that the work at hand tries to investigate the relevant advantages and disadvantages of private policing. Advantages of Private Policing One significant advantage of private policing is the inclusion of the level of focus that private police place in their actual responsibility. The level of focus is important because it may signify the intensity of control that private police may employ in the actual control or prevention of the crime. It is therefore highly observed that private policing personnel focus on loss control and prevention at a great level (Worrall, 2008; Byrne & Marx, 2011). They have no other concern but to focus on asset and property protection. For this reason, there are many private establishments that try to employ private policing for this concern as it is highly advantageous on their part considering the point that the level of focus placed in control and prevention of crime is involved. This promote s the idea that as far as mass private property is concerned, private sector for policing may well performed compared to the public sector in policing based on the level of focus they can give in actual prevention and control.  

Whys is the issue of accounting for leases problematic and would a Dissertation

Whys is the issue of accounting for leases problematic and would a move to principle based accounting standard improve the situation - Dissertation Example L. 2005). Leases are very common in the economic turnover of enterprises, organizations and individuals. Leases are found in the activity of virtually every entity and individual entrepreneurs. The lease gives up and taken it all: property and land, vehicles and equipment, and even entire businesses. On the one hand, in the absence of sufficient resources for the purchase of labour organizations take them out. This will save considerable money by directing them into circulation, if the leased property is no longer needed, simply to terminate the contract of lease. On the other hand, the landlord is not used in the production of the property is not idle, not transferred to the conservation and rent, resulting in additional income. Such a situation is beneficial to both sides of the transaction. Study of economic relations that arise in various forms of lease, and based on this improvement in the organization of accounting are becoming especially important. When lease accounting as on International and international standards for financial services companies have many questions. Is it classified? Who should reflect the assets on its balance sheet - the proprietor or the tenets? How to distribute income and expenses between reporting periods? In this paper, we consider the differences in approaches to solving these problems, which offer IFRS and RAS. (Nagy, A. L. 2005). Often, organizations and businesses renting property from private individuals and, in most cases, these individuals are employees of the organization. Consider the accounting treatment of costs for renting the property at the following example. Assume that the company rented from an employee... At the conclusion of the lease of a vehicle, the employee passes his own vehicle of his project to a temporary hold on a chargeable basis and he does not use it during the lease term. The company has the right to assume the management of the leased vehicle as the owner, which is the lesser or any other person having the necessary qualifications. Lease agreement is compensated, and the company must pay the tenant rent the cost, size and terms of payment, which is determined by the contract. Enterprise The firm must be legally independent in relation to his (her) to the owner. Current accounts of the owner and the firm are separate, and the responsibilities for the obligations of each other do not intersect. We recognized this principle, but not emphasized. In practice, administrators often confuse his and other people. Accounting system effects Effect of IFRS on the accounting systems of the developed capitalist countries is less significant. This is mainly due to the fact that in most industrialized countries have developed their own well-established principles and traditions of accounting, which satisfy the specific requirements of the national market models. (Nagy, A. L. 2005). For example, in Western Europe and Japan, the main financial flows and investment of the economy are made through banking institutions, and not through the stock exchanges. Therefore, a priority, both legislative and proper accounting regulation is to protect the interests of creditors, rather than meet the information needs of shareholders.

Importance of Internal Communication within an Organisation

Importance of Internal Communication within an Organisation Introduction What is internal communication? Internal communication in simple words is communicating with all the possible way and channels of communication within the organisation, there may be many departments, offices all over the country or globe, which includes ample of mass working, but the focus of this internal communication system should be that every person eligible for any new updates/upgrades or any other kind of change in the organisation which keeps on happening from time to time basis should be well communicated with all these mentioned above. Internal communication does not only mean communicating in some of the official ways such as meetings or conferences or updating through news letters or with putting just a white paper with some prints on a notice board where there are chances of it being neglected/oversight. As mentioned, it is not one way communication, hence here it is not only the top level management who communicates with the other but its the other way where there are constant interactions between all the levels of management with a valid meaning related to the working of the organisation. With all the communication ways such as meetings, memos, telecommunications, etc body language, pleasantries and gossip also play a very important role. How significant is internal communication? Internal communication is significant for building a strong block of the organisational culture. Internal communication system is designed in such a way that it should reach all the possible candidates in the organisation. These days the most priority in the organisation is effective internal communication. The more effective the internal communication within the organisation the more quick it is to communicate any changes happening in the company. Hence it then becomes easy for all the interactions between all the levels of management. Personal interaction is also an important key in the internal communication system. The best thing about this is again that communication flows in all directions rather then up to down or vice versa. Change within the organisation. Change being the only constant in every part of life, has to occur every place and any time in all the sections. Big firms it may be manufacturing based or service industry, all have multiple processes which functions and goes through thousands of transactions and activities every day. Greater the functioning of any organisation the more it tends to change policies and practices of particular process depending on the invention of technology and its implementation in the process from time to time. Development, expansion and diversification of the organisation also have a great impact of change in it. Government laws, change in the method of production, servicing methods, outside environment etc changes the overall functioning of the company. Change is also necessary for the organisations to grow in future. Old Hence the organisation in this perspective should make it a point that all the possible changes happening in the company are conveyed to all the candidates working for that particular part where the change has taken place. Steps involved in change and how communication should be handled at each level Clarity is the message to be delivered: The change is first communicated/known to the top level management or the immediate supervisor who is responsible for that part of work where implementation of the change happened is a necessity and should be conveyed to all related to it. These people who are responsible for sending message across should be clear about the message which is to be transmitted among others. Method: The method chosen for delivering the message should be proper i.e. should be accessible to all the people and by proper channel where all of them can understand its operation. In all it should suit the circumstances. It should be kept in mind that when the message is sent by the sender, after receiving it, the receiver should be open to communicate back in case of any doubts or questions to be raised regarding the same matter. Communication technology systems or other communication materials are available to use throughout the department/process where the message of change has to be conveyed. Complicated way or using hi-fi modern technology for communications may be a problem for some people, hence should be avoided in considering the steps for communication. Communication should be in a simplified, concise and precise form so that all the people can understand and actively take part. ( Ref. http://humanresources.about.com/od/changemanagement/a/change_lessons2.htm ) Effective internal communication Effective internal communication is where all the candidates, they may be the managers, employees or the volunteers who actively participates and are focused on the goals of the organisation and all involved has the same object to be established. Effective internal communications builds a strong bridge to efficient working and growing of the organisation. It also helps the working staff to identify the change properly and accomplish goals and missions, thus making a difference in the overall effort and efficiency of the company. Everyday effective communications reduces conflicts and contradicting ideas which and gives emphasis to what is important for the organisation. All the companies may not get all the benefits of the effective internal communication but its still helps the organisation build a strong culture where people involved are working towards a common goal. Different Communication Supports There are many types of communication supports that can be used within the organisation. They can be classified into many categories. Communication can be verbal, non-verbal, visual, audio and many others. CD-ROM/Pen Drives/Hard Drives/Flash Sticks :- Important or confidential communication are communicated by these devices personally. It can be used to transfer graphics, video, audio, codes, final statements, etc. Letters/memos/reports: this is based fto convey short meaningful message where some feedback is expected and this category can be classified as a interactive one. Meetings: Three or more people meeting personally, for growth of organisation and many other perspective. Manuals: Large volumes of information is reffered by manuals which are paper based documents. Audio tape/CD: Playback used for the training or any other stuff which uses cassette/CDs. Video: Playback of videos for explanation of the product or for a training purpose as well where VCR/DVD and other video players are used. Printed materials: Prints are taken on paper to distribute certain information. Fax: Copying the paper through telephonic systems from one place to another has been one of the important means of communication all over the world. This is one of the fastest means to send and receive documents. Intranet: The use of internet and web technology used within an organisation assumptions are made that audio and video cannot be transferred but is majorly used for business transactions and to send and receive files which convey a business meaning. Radio: Advertising of the organisation can be done through the broadcast of radio voice transmissions. E-mail: One of the best n modern means of communications to receive and send messages instantly all over the world within less than minute. This way of communication is used to also send documents, audio and videos. Video conferencing: Meeting of people with video and audio from a long distance for a business purpose. TV: Television can be used for many purposes of communications. Marketing and Advertising is done on a large scale all over. It is also used for visuals all over the organisation. Video conferencing is also uses TV as a means to see and communicate all over the world. One-to-ones: Face to face, meeting of two people, interviews, group discussions, debates, etc. Phone: Conversations between two or more people within the organisation or outside. ( Ref :- http://www.fastrak-consulting.co.uk/tactix/Tools/commtool/frameset.htm ) Impact of change in the communication process Any changes in the organisation has to be conveyed to all the people who are responsible for the implementation of the change happening. How to communicate this change is a point where the management has to have a proper plan/strategy. Change in this context can be confidential or general. Proper means of communication should be selected to communicate the change. There can be possibilities where the change cannot be communicated with the present communication means/tools in the organisation. Purchases of new communicative products may b necessary. Different means are supposed to be used communicating at each level of management, it is not necessary that all the change taking place is to be conveyed to all the employees. Hence it should be filtered and proper channels should be used accordingly. Example: Bank of America, where in the voice process there happens a lot of changes within short interval of time. It is based on the counselling/customer service/collection to/from the customers who has mortgage with the band. Different rules/programs/fluctuations in the interest rates/refinancing of loans etc used to take place very often. Communication in this context of change is not that easy for the managers as the schedule fixed for the working employees are logged in on the system and are on calls all the time of their shift. In between that they cannot be communicated with any urgent change. Hence the very next day/after the shift there is a briefing arranged for all the teams working under this process. This may lead to irrelevant/old information being conveyed to the customers as of that date and hence for some time being. Therefore, there is a big impact of change on the communication process which leads to passing of wrong information throughout the chain. Impact of change in the organisation makes communication a necessity calling a meeting to discuss as how to communicate this change. Hence this change to be communicated also starts with a communication process as meeting in this case. It starts when one feels uneasy or concerned about the situation of change within the organization or outside the organisation. Then one realises that some action needs to be taken to CHANGE the present situation. Studying the situation in depth and make a plan to convey the CHANGE for betterment . Implementing the plan by suitable action. Reviewing the situation and continuing the process after communicating it with all the employees responsible and give the training if required for the implementation of this change. ( Fenil Shah :- Senior Manager ATLASCOPCO ) Obstacles or challenges that can be met through the different communication supports used in an internal communication system in a context of change. Sender :- When the sender is not able to properly understand the change and still communicates. Either the message communicated is not proper or it has not been put down properly. Medium/channel :- Wrong selection of medium to send the message. Interruption or signal failure or server problems leads to improper internal communication. This regards in delay of message or inaccuracy of message to be communicated. Oversight :- Notices put up on the board may be overlooked by certain employees which gives a negative impact on the work where that particular change is to be implemented. Improper regard :- Management takes lightly to communicate this change on time resulting in delay or sometimes does not communicate due to overload of work and hence forgetting to convey the change. Language :- Language should be easy and in proper context so that everyone understands it. Audio :- Disturbance/Unclear audio may not convey message clearly which leaves a doubt of the listener. Fear :- Small employees who did not understand the change message may have the fear to go to the immediate supervisor and clear the doubts may be because of the fear of being insulted or improper relationship. Poor Listening Poor listening can sabotage any attempt at communication. We all do it: we hear a little and then fill in what we think the rest will be, without really listening to whats actually being said. Information source :- The source of information is the human mind. It is possible that if this source does not want to communicate the message as it has to be. There are chances he may make some alterations in the change which has to be made within the process. There are many other stages where loads of obstacles interrupt the communication process when there is a change. The statges may be lined as follows :- Outgoing message Transmitter Outgoing signal Channel Incoming signal Receiver Incoming message Destination ( Ref :- http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/lal/lal99/lal99-05.pdf ) The challenges that can be met when dealing with an international team Language :- Language can be a big challenge when dealing with the international team. Even if the language is the same, accent of speaking may have a huge difference which at once may be difficult to understand. Incase of language being different, it is very difficult then to communicate directly but should rather have a common team who deals with the translation of language and then forwards it to the people concerned. Example :- Bank of America, where in the voice process there is a special Spanish team to deal with the customers who does not know the language English. Culture :- time and space, personal responsibility and fate, face and face-saving, and nonverbal communication are much more complex than it is possible to convey. Each of them influences the course of communications, and can be responsible for conflict or the escalation of conflict when it leads to miscommunication or misinterpretation. A culturally-fluent approach to conflict means working over time to understand these and other ways communication varies across cultures, and applying these understandings in order to enhance relationships across differences. ( Ref:- http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/cross-cultural_communication/ ) Time Difference :- Communication may not be possible at all time when dealing with the team abroad. This is because of the time difference between the countries all over the world. Hence communication then becomes a problem for communicating or discussing some urgent business matter. Also in this case, getting a response for a certain message would take time and wont be quicker in cases urgent. These may bring limitations to the communication process as a whole. Recommendations Communicate consistently, frequently, and through multiple channels, including speaking, writing, video, training, focus groups, bulletin boards, Intranets, and more about the change. Communicate all that is known about the changes, as quickly as the information is available. Make clear that your bias is toward instant communication, so some of the details may change at a later date. Tell people that your other choice is to hold all communication until you are positive about the decisions. Provide significant amounts of time for people to ask questions, request clarification, and provide input. If you have been part of a scenario in which a leader presented changes, on overhead transparencies, to a large group, and then fled, you know what bad news this is for change integration. Clearly communicate the vision, the mission, and the objectives of the change management effort. Help people to understand how these changes will affect them personally. (If you dont help with this process, people will make up their own stories, usually more negative than the truth.) Recognize that true communication is a conversation. It is two-way and real discussion must result. It cannot be just a presentation. The change leaders or sponsors need to spend time conversing one-on-one or in small groups with the people who are expected to make the changes. Communicate the reasons for the changes in such a way that people understand the context, the purpose, and the need. Practitioners have called this: building a memorable, conceptual framework, and creating a theoretical framework to underpin the change. Provide answers to questions only if you know the answer. Leaders destroy their credibility when they provide incorrect information or appear to stumble or back-peddle, when providing an answer. It is much better to say you dont know, and that you will try to find out. Leaders need to listen. Avoid defensiveness, excuse-making, and answers that are given too quickly. Act with thoughtfulness. Make leaders and change sponsors available, daily when possible, to mingle with others in the workplace. . Communication should be proactive. If the rumor mill is already in action, the organization has waited too long to communicate. Provide opportunities for people to network with each other, both formally and informally, to share ideas about change and change management. Publicly review the measurements that are in place to chart progress in the change management and change efforts. Publicize rewards and recognition for positive approaches and accomplishments in the changes and change management. Celebrate each small win publicly. (Ref :- http://humanresources.about.com/od/changemanagement/a/change_lessons2.htm ) References (http://humanresources.about.com/od/changemanagement/a/change_lessons2.htm) (http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/cross-cultural_communication/) (http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/lal/lal99/lal99-05.pdf) (http://www.fastrak-consulting.co.uk/tactix/Tools/commtool/frameset.htm )

Caring for a Person With Dementia Essay example -- Dementia and Aggres

Introduction Dementia is an umbrella term used to explain the gradual decline in multiple areas of functions, which includes thinking, perception, communication, memory, languages, reasoning, and the ability to function (Harrison-Dening 2013). Worldwide, 47.5 million people have dementia and there are 7.7 million new cases every year. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and may contribute to 60–70% of cases. (Alzheimer's society 2014). The complexity of dementia presents a number of behavioural challenges to those who live with dementia and their care providers. Aggressive behaviour seems to be one of the most prevalent challenging behaviours in the different stages of dementia (Weitzel et al 2011). As acute care settings are not the best places for people afflicted with dementia , it is necessary to empower the hospitalised people with dementia and their family members. As nurses are often the central core of care, they should have the potential of positive long-term effect on the lives of people with dementia (Harrison-Dening 2013). Inadequate training, lack of specialised education, negative attitudes and poor practice development can precipitate a failure in the delivery of high-quality care for the hospitalised dementia people (Chater & Hughes 2012). Brain Activity Changes Dementia progressively affects almost all brain functions, including the control of motor function (Plosker & Gauthier 2009). The cell damage leads to tissue shrinkage and limited function in the brain's frontal and temporal lobes, which control emotions, planning, and reasoning, judgment, speaking, understanding and controlling movements (Narvid et al 2009). Consequently people with dementia may suffer the difficulty of solving p... ...rnal Of The Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses' Association (JARNA), 14(3), 8-12. McKay, A., O'Neil, M., & McMonigle, A. (2008). Managing challenging patient behaviors. Journal Of Continuing Education In Nursing, 39(9), 390-391 Plosker, G., & Gauthier, S. (2009). Cerebrolysin: a review of its use in dementia. Drugs & Aging, 26(11), 893-915 Narvid J, M. L. Gorno-Tempini , A. Slavotinek , S. J. DeArmond , Y. H. Cha , B. L. Miller & K.Rankin (2009) Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A, Neurocase: The Neural Basis of Cognition, 15:3, 190-205. Whall AL; Colling KB; Kolanowski A; Kim H; Hong GS; DeCicco B; Ronis DL; Richards KC; Algase D; Beck C; (2008)Factors associated with aggressive behavior among nursing home residents with dementia.Gerontologist, 2008 Dec; 48 (6): 721-31

Othello: Pathos Essay

Shakespeare has used pathos in vast ways to support character development and to build the readers or audiences’ relationship with the characters. Shakespeare makes his readers feel sympathy for certain characters by the way the antagonist treats them. In Othello, Iago used Roderigo, tricked Othello, and mistreated the female characters in the play. Iago helps develop the theme of jealousy throughout the play by exploiting some of the major characters. The truths about some characters are shown clearly to the audience which helps them establish their opinions and feelings about them. Shakespeare uses pathos to get his reader’s point of view of a character. In the beginning of the play, the audience was able to discover that Iago was misusing Roderigo for his own benefit. He was taking his money and lying about loyalty. Iago could care less about Roderigo; all he could think was to get back at Othello and release his jealousy towards him and Cassio. At this point, the audience feels sympathy for Roderigo and somehow relate to his pain. Having to live without someone you love dearly can lead to dramatic conclusions, like the one Roderigo was thinking of. â€Å"It is silliness to live, when to live is torment.† (I, iii, 305) Even though Iago acts like a loyal friend to Roderigo and promises him he will get Desdemona for him, the audience knows he is only taking advantage of him. Because of Iago, Roderigo is feeding off of his jealousy towards Othello, and doing everything Iago tells him to do for a woman he will never have. In contrast, tricking people into thinking that false statements are true and going out of your way to hurt someone is another flaw Iago relinquishes; this time, on the star of the play. He tricks Othello into thinking that his wife is cheating on him with his best lieutenant. Knowing this false fact, Othello is devastated and his jealousy towards Cassio builds greatly. Every little thing that Iago hints at increases Othello’s jealousy by another level. â€Å"She did deceive her father, marrying you; / And when she seem’d to shake and fear your looks/ She lov’d them most.† (III, iii, ). However, Othello falls into â€Å"Honest Iago’s† trap and considers him a loyal and trustworthy friend. The audience would think otherwise. This shows the readers that Othello is naà ¯ve and easily jumps to conclusion without even talking to his wife. Nevertheless, the audience cannot help but feel sympathy towards him for being so dim-witted, yet gullible. Lastly, Iago uses another trick up his sleeve aiming at the ladies in the play. He mentally, emotionally, and physically abuses the women just to go forth with his plan. Iago ruins Desdemona’s happiness for his own selfish reason and jealousy takes complete control of him once he starts to include innocent women in his malevolent plan. Not only he, but Othello as well gets badly influenced by jealousy and ends up vowing to murder his wife. In comparison, Iago stabs Emilia for revealing the truth. â€Å"I hold my peace, sir? no; / No, I will speak as liberal as the north; / Let heaven and men and devils, let them all, / All, all, cry shame against me, yet I’ll speak.† (V, ii, ). These actions create pathos for these two women and the audience knows that these women were never wrong. Even though Desdemona and Emilia were one of the major components on building the theme, for them to be accused and have their rights taken away helps the audience understand the theme of jealousy better. Shakespeare uses pathos in this play to develop the theme of jealousy. He makes the antagonist and his actions the key point of displaying jealousy and exploiting the major characters in the play. Shakespeare describes to the audience how the influence of jealousy can affect so many people and make them do unlawful acts. Similar to how Iago was disloyal to Roderigo, dishonest to Othello, and abusive to Emilia and Desdemona. However, the truth about these characters helps the audience understand them better so that they can create their own opinion about them.