Alcoholic Parents Affect the Life and Development of a Child

The definition of â€Å"family,† is subjective; that is, a person gets to define it for his or herself. Therefore, there is a wide explanation of what a family is. The most common definition states that a family consists of a married couple who have children that they care for and love. Families will have their problems, but some are more extensive than others. It is said that a child is a product of his or her environment. When a family has an extensive problem that disrupts the unity of a family, logically the child suffers. Alcohol has taken a toll on individuals all around the world. Unfortunately, alcohol has also become dangerously exposed to a multitude of families. Parents who are addicted to alcohol form a broken home for their children. This causes everything to function abnormally. A child ends up growing without parents who love and care for them. Alcoholic parents affect the life and development of a child. Alcohol forms an unrealistic idea of what fa mily is in a child’s mind, prevents a proper flow of love and care, and provides for mental and moral instability. When children have alcoholic parents, they form the wrong idea of what a family is supposed to be. For a child, a family should be a close, encouraging, and an emotionally sound structure. A child should experience a family that has a solid base of unity. A family with unity is able to handle any issues that may enter into their household. Unfortunately, when a child lives with a familyShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism and Parenting: Samuel Adams961 Words   |  4 Pages The subject of parents consuming alcohol and how it affects their children is one that has plagued this world since long before the introduction of the first Samuel Adams. Alcohol damages brain cells and can prevent someone from making correct decisions. Having alcohol in one’s system can lead to violent and very dangerous rampages, and adding children to this mix is extremely harmful to them not only physically but also emotionally. Dr. Michael Windle explains that â€Å"alcohol abuse can interfereRead MoreA Child Called It . Dave Pelzer Is the Survivor1608 Words   |  7 PagesA Child Called It. Dave Pelzer is the survivor of the third worst case of child abuse in California s history. Dave grew up with his two brothers and two parents. Catherine, Dave s mother, loved to cook exotic meals for her family and decorate their home in creative and imaginative ways each holiday season. She was full of energy, often taking her kids on tours of downtown San Francisco while her husband was at work as a fire fighter, exposing them to Golden Gate Park and Chinatown. Once,Read MoreAttachment Theory As A Framework For Understanding Interpersonal And Emotional Outcomes Of Adults1442 Words   |  6 Pageshow parent relationships, affects a child’s early physiological development throughout adult-hood. In the past, research done on father -child relationships, has generally, focused on the attachment the child develops, when the father is absent in the child’s early stages of development. In my research, I found recent studies, performed on father-child relationships, and ho w secure attachment bonds are developed, when the father is not only present, but positively active in the child’s life. TheRead MoreA Child Called It Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesA Child Called It. Dave Pelzer is the survivor of the third worst case of child abuse in Californias history. Dave grew up with his two brothers and two parents. Catherine, Daves mother, loved to cook exotic meals for her family and decorate their home in creative and imaginative ways each holiday season. She was full of energy, often taking her kids on tours of downtown San Francisco while her husband was at work as a fire fighter, exposing them to Golden Gate Park and Chinatown. Once, whileRead MoreAnalysis Of Superman And Me By Sherman Alexie1160 Words   |  5 PagesAlcoholic parents verbally abuse and raise children to feel alone and invisible, damaging their future relationships and mental life. Award-winning Native American poet, and novelist, Sherman Alexie known for his critically acclaimed film, Smoke Signals (1998). He grew up on a reservation with poverty and addiction, and was isolated from his people by distinguishing himself academically and refusing to remain passive and submissive dur ing his younger years. The article, â€Å"Superman and Me,† demonstratesRead MoreJuvenile Children Of Alcoholics ( Acoas )1594 Words   |  7 Pagestreatment. For nearly a century, there have been treatment and recovery programs which focus on alcoholics themselves. But what about the family members who suffer the effects of living with someone who is an alcoholic? Often, children spend their entire youth and young adulthood dealing with the repercussions of having a parent who is under the influence. The research pertaining to adult children of alcoholics (ACoAs) is relatively new; the concept was recently coined in the late 1970s and early 1980sRead MoreSecure and Insecure Attachment - Paper1038 Words   |  5 Pagesto Berger (2011) it begins before birth, solidifies age, and influences relationships throughout life. The concept of attachment was originally developed by John Bowlby (1969,1973,1988), a British developmentalist influenced by psychoanalytic theory and etholo gy, the study of animals, a precursor to evolutionary psychology. ( Schore, 2001)Attachment theory is fundamentally a theory of the development of the personality over the lifespan (Ainsworth amp; Bowlby, 1992) Stages of Attachment Birth toRead MoreThe Abuse Of Drugs And Alcohol1365 Words   |  6 Pagesmask the pain instead of getting help for their problems. This reoccurring cycle affects the family system as a whole unit not just the individual. It is our jobs as educators to help educate parents in order to help children who are suffering from these alcohol or drug use effects. Children are the innocent victims in this sequence because they have no way of putting a stop to this vicious cycle. Substance abuse affects many families from all social economic statuses around the United States. TaylorRead MoreThe Effects Of Home Life On Children s Development896 Words   |  4 PagesEvery day, and in every home, kids are affected by the actions of those around them. Whether these people be their parents, their peers, teachers, or just strangers of the community, they all play huge roles in the young generation’s development, health and their ability to learn. Home-life is important, this may seem obvious, but to some it is all but clear. 1. Students are now spending about 15 percent (1,108 hours) of their time at school, which means for younger children who only spend at homeRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each oth er. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability to be competent parental figures. Drug addiction is a problem that is becoming

Beowulf A Mix of Pagan and Christian Beliefs Essay

How the Almighty had made the earth a gleaming plain girdled with waters; in His splendor He set the sun and the moon to be earths lamplight, lanterns for men and filled the broad lap of the world with branches and leaves; and quickened life in every other thing that moved.(Line 92) In this quote, the author describes how God made the earth and depicts reasons for him creating the sun and moon, saying that it acts like a lantern for men, lighting the earth. The author also describes how God gave life to everything else. The pagans were polytheists and never believed in one God, and if this is a pagan poem, then it was obviously rewritten. There is a part in the poem where the idea of repenting is brought up: Oh, cursed†¦show more content†¦/ Often, for undaunted courage, / fate spares the man it has not already marked. (Line 569) Beowulf is saying that God is watching over him, and him seeing the light is his way of saying he knows God is with him. In his reference of fate, he says that he would only die if it was his time to go, believing that if he was meant to die, he would have. God is even given praise for his help in defeating Grendel. Hrothgar describes Beowulfs actions as a gift of God and his mercy on him and his land: First and foremost, the Almighty Father be thanked for this sight. I suffered a long harrowing by Grendel. But the Heavenly Shepherd can work His wonders always and everywhere.(Line 927) He thanks God for him allowing the suffering to end, for Grendel to be beaten and ending the war between men and the monsters. The idea of fate is brought up again later on in the poem as well. In his battles he says that fate will decide who will win the b attle, in the fight with Grendel, his mother and as well as the Dragon: I wont shift a foot / when I meet the cave-guard: what occurs on the wall / between theShow MoreRelatedChristianity : The Rise Of Christianity1512 Words   |  7 PagesEuropean area, Paganism was a belief that was common among all people across Europe. Paganism involved polytheistic beliefs with ritualistic tradition and animal sacrifice. This belief was common in the Anglo-Saxon tradition, which is from where the epic poem Beowulf is thought to have originated circa 550 AD. Due to the origins of Beowulf being surrounded by Pagan tradition and culture and reliance on the method of oral recitation of the story, the poem holds Pagan influences. Examples of theseRead MorePaganism In Beowulf1411 Words   |  6 PagesPagan ideas and values were a large influence in the creation of Beowulf due to the period it was created in. As the narrative was passed down by mouth Christianity views were slowly developed into th e story. The poem was written after Anglo-Saxons were Christianized, but it is evident that pagan views were still in their mindsets. With these ideals still present, paganism and Christianity were woven into the story, and we see a mix of heroic ideals and self-sacrificing virtues that create a storyRead MoreBeowulf as a Pagan Oral Tradition Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pages The unknown author of Beowulf uses examples throughout the poem that suggest the story comes from an oral tradition. In the poem Beowulf, a Germanic scop, or bard, recites poetry orally, or in a song, usually telling stories about historical triumphs and adventures. These poets were referred to in this epic poem as carriers of tales..., traditional singer[s] deeply schooled in the lore[s] of the past (Beowulf 50). This was common in Germanic culture. Scops would keep folkloric heroes aliveRead MoreBeowulf And The Anglo Saxon Values Heroism1154 Words   |  5 Pageswhen in danger, helping those in need, and being the first one to step up and help, In the read Beowulf, he does just that. â€Å"A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles† This quote is perfect in relation to Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon beliefs. Heroism is displayed in many ways, It is showed all throughout the articles as well. Beowulf displays and greatly achieves one of the Anglo-Saxon values heroism through strength and greatnessRead MoreBeowulf : Portrait Of Anglo Saxon Society Essay2057 Words   |  9 Pages Beowulf: Portrait of Anglo-Saxon Society The Middle Ages in England began with the withdrawal of the Romans and the arrival of various Germanic tribes (the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes), during the mid-fifth century. These tribes, which became known as the Anglo-Saxons, were composed of people from North Germany, Denmark and northern Holland, and took control of most of Britain, except for lands such as Scotland, Wales or Cornwall (Hindley 23). They brought with them the tradition of oralRead MoreEssay on The Changing Concept of Hero988 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing faced, and the values of each of them. Beowulf has no known author but it is thought to be written before the Anglo-Saxon exodus is completed but after the conquest began (p.30). Also going on during this time was the conversion of the Anglo-Saxon pagans to Christianity by Saint Augustine of Canterbury’s mission. This may account for the major focus on Christian themes throughout Beowulf, while Beowulf as a character is seen as a very pagan character (Lane). For instance, Beowulf’s armorRead More The Use of Magic in Medieval Literature Essay2847 Words   |  12 Pagesmagic and magical creatures has been around for a long time, however, in the time period ranging from Beowulf to Malorys Arthur, there has been an evolution in attitudes and the consequent treatment of magic in medieval literature. The discussion of magic involves not only the disparity between Christian and pagan tradition but also of gender roles, most notably in the Arthurian mythos. Beowulf, Marie De Frances Bisclavret and Lanval, Sir Gawai n and the Green Knight and Sit Thomas Malorys Le Morte

Apush Notes Chapter 8 Free Essays

string(51) " numerous where the Anglican Church was strongest\." A. P. U. We will write a custom essay sample on Apush Notes Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. History Notes Chapter 8: â€Å"America Secedes from the Empire† ~ 1775 – 1783 ~ I. Congress Drafts George Washington 1. After the bloodshed at Lexington and Concord in April of 1775, about 20,000 Minutemen swarmed around Boston, where they outnumbered the British. 2. The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, with no real intention of independence, merely a desire to continue fighting in the hope that the king and Parliament would consent to a redress of grievances. a. It sent another list of grievances to Parliament. . It also adopted measures to raise money for an army and a navy. c. It also selected George Washington to command the army. 1) George had never risen above the rank of colonel, and his largest command had only been of 1200 men, but he was a tall figure who looked like a leader, and thus, was a moral boost to troops. 2) He radiated patience, courage, self-discipline, and a sense of justice, and though he insisted on working wi thout pay, he did keep a careful expense account amounting to more than $100,00. II. Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings 1. In the first year, the war was one of consistency, as the colonists maintained their loyalty while still shooting at the king’s men. 2. In May 1775, a tiny American force led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, surprised and captured the British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point. 3. In June 1775, the colonials seized Bunker Hill (before known as Breed’s Hill). a. Instead of flanking them, the Redcoats launched a frontal attack, and the heavily entrenched colonial sharpshooters mowed them down until meager gunpowder supplies ran out and they were forced to retreat. 4. After Bunker Hill, George III slammed the door for all hope of reconciliation and declared the colonies to be in open rebellion, a treasonous affair. 5. The King also hired many German mercenaries, called Hessians, who, because they were lured by booty and not duty, had large numbers desert and remained in America to become respectful citizens. III. The Abortive Conquest of Canada 1. In October 1775, the British burned Falmouth (Portland), Maine. 2. The colonists decided that invading Canada would add a 14th colony and deprive Britain of a valuable base for striking at the colonies in revolt. a. Also, the French-Canadians would support the Americans because they supposedly were bitter about Britain’s taking over of their land. b. General Richard Montgomery captured Montreal. c. At Quebec, he was joined by the bedraggled army of General Benedict Arnold. d. On the last day of 1775, in the assault of Quebec, Montgomery was killed and Arnold was wounded in one leg, and the whole campaign collapsed as the men retreated up the St. Lawrence River, reversing the way Montgomery had come. e. Besides, the French-Canadians, who had welcomed the Quebec Act, didn’t really like the anti-Catholic invaders. 3. In January 1776, the British set fire to Norfolk, Virginia, but in March, they were finally forced to evacuate Boston. 4. In the South, the rebels won a victory against some 1500 Loyalists at Moore’s Creek Bridge, in South Carolina, and against an invading British fleet at Charleston Harbor. IV. Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense 1. In 1776, Thomas Paine published Common Sense, which urged colonials to stop this war of inconsistency, stop pretending loyalty, and just fight. 2. Nowhere in the universe did a smaller body control a larger one, so Paine argued, saying why tiny Britain had to control gigantic America. . He called King George III â€Å"the Royal Brute of Great Britain. † V. Paine and the Idea of â€Å"Republicanism† 1. Paine argued his idea that there should be a â€Å"republic† where senators, governors, and judges should have their power from the consent of the people. 2. He laced his ideas with Biblical imagery, familiar to common folk. 3. Hi s ideas about rejecting monarchy and empire and embrace an independent republic fell on receptive ears in America, though it should be noted that these ideas already existed. a. The New Englanders already practiced this type of government in their town meetings. . Some patriots, though, favored a republic ruled by a â€Å"natural aristocracy. † VI. Jefferson’s â€Å"Explanation† of Independence 1. Members of the Philadelphia Congress, instructed by their colonies, gradually moved toward a clean break with Britain. 2. On June 7, 1776, fiery Richard Henry urged for complete independence, an idea that was finally adopted on July 2, 1776. 3. To write such a statement, Congress appointed Thomas Jefferson, already renown as a great writer, to concoct a Declaration of Independence. a. He did so eloquently, coming up with a list of grievances against King George III and persuasively explaining why the colonies had the right to revolt. b. His â€Å"explanation† of independence also upheld the â€Å"natural rights† of humankind. 4. When Congress approved it on July 2nd, John Adams proclaimed that date to be celebrated from then on with fireworks, but because of editing and final approval, it was not completely approved until July 4th, 1776. VII. Patriots and Loyalists 1. The War of Independence was a war within a war, as not all colonials were united. . There were Patriots, who supported rebellion and were called â€Å"Whigs. † b. There were Loyalists, who supported the King, often went to battle against fellow Americans, and were called â€Å"Tories. † c. There were those who didn’t care, and these people were constantly being asked to join one side or another. 2. During the war, the British proved that they could only control Tory areas, because when Redcoats packed up and left other areas, the rebels would regain control. 3. The Patriot militias constantly harassed small British detachments. 4. Loyalists were generally conservatives, but the war divided families. a. Benjamin Franklin was against his illegitimate son, William, the last royal governor of New Jersey. 5. The Patriots were generally the younger generation, like Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry. 6. Loyalists were most numerous where the Anglican Church was strongest. You read "Apush Notes Chapter 8" in category "Papers" 7. There were also those who sold to the highest bidder, selling the British and ignoring starving, freezing soldiers (i. e. George Washington at Valley Forge). 8. Loyalists were less numerous in New England, where Presbyterianism and Congregationalism flourished. VIII. The Loyalist Exodus 1. After the Declaration of Independence, Loyalists and Patriots were more sharply divided, and Patriots often confiscated Loyalist property and resell it (good way to raise money). 2. Some 50,000 Loyalists served the British in one way or another (fighting, spying, etc†¦), and it was an oddity that the Brits didn’t make more use of them during the war. IX. General Washington at Bay . After the evacuation of Boston, the British focused on New York as a HQ for operations. a. An awe-inspiring fleet appeared off the coast in July 1776, consisting of some 500 ships and 35,000 men—the largest armed force seen in America ever until the Civil War. b. Washington could only muster 18,000 ill-trained men to fight, and they were routed at the Battle of Long Island. c. Washington escaped to Manhattan Island, cross ed the Hudson River to New Jersey, reaching the Delaware River with taunting, fox-hunt calling British on his heels. d. Crossing the Delaware River at Trenton on a cold December 26, 1776, and surprised and captured a thousand Hessians who were sleeping off their Christmas Day celebration (drinking). e. He then left his campfires burning as a ruse, slipped away, and inflicted a sharp defeat on a smaller British detachment at Princeton, showing his military genius at its best. f. It was odd that General William Howe, the British general, didn’t crush Washington when he was at the Delaware, but he well remembered Bunker Hill, and was cautious. X. Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion 1. London officials adopted a complicated scheme for capturing the vital Hudson River Valley in 1777 which, if successful, would severe New England from the rest of the colonies: a. General Burgoyne would push down the Lake Champlain route from Canada. b. General Howe’s troops in New York, if needed, could advance up the Hudson and meet Burgoyne in Albany. c. A third and much smaller British force commanded by Colonel Barry St. Ledger would come in from the west by way of Lake Ontario and the Mohawk Valley. 2. However, Benedict Arnold, after failure at Quebec, retreated slowly along the St. Lawrence back to Lake Champlain, where the British would have to win control (of the lake) before proceeding. a. The Brits stopped to build a huge force, while Arnold assembled a tattered flotilla from whatever boats he could find. b. His â€Å"navy† was destroyed, but he had gained valuable time, because winter set in and the British settled in Canada; they would have to begin anew the next spring. 1) Had Arnold not contributed his daring and skill, the Brits most likely would have recaptured Ticonderoga and Burgoyne could have started from there and succeeded in his venture. 3. Burgoyne began his mission with 7000 troops and a heavy baggage train consisting of a great number of the officers’ wives. a. Meanwhile, sneaky rebels, sensing the kill, were gathering along his flanks. 4. General Howe, at a time when he should be starting up the Hudson, deliberately embarked for an attack on Philadelphia. a. He wanted to force an encounter with Washington and leave the path wide open for Burgoyne’s thrust; he thought he had enough time to help Burgoyne if needed. b. Washington transferred his troops to Philly, but was defeated at Brandywine Creek and Germantown. . Then, the fun-loving Howe settled down in Philadelphia, leaving Burgoyne â€Å"to the dogs. † d. Ben Franklin, in Paris, joked that Howe hadn’t captured Philadelphia, but that â€Å"Philadelphia had captured Howe. † 5. Washington finally retired for the winter at Valley Forge, where his troops froze in the cold, but a recently arrived Prussian drill master, Baron von Steu ben, whipped the cold troops into shape. 6. Burgoyne’s doomed troops were bogged down, and the rebels swarmed in with a series of sharp engagements, pushing the St. Legers force back at Oriskany while Burgoyne, unable to advance or retreat, surrendered his entire force at Saratoga, on October 17, 1777. a. Perhaps one of the most decisive battles in British and American history. XI. Strange French Bedfellows 1. France was eager to get revenge on Britain, and secretly supplied the Americans throughout much of the war. 2. After the humiliation at Saratoga, the British offered the Americans a measure that gave them home rule—everything they wanted except independence. 3. After Saratoga, France finally was persuaded to enter the war against Britain. a. Louis XVI’s ministers argued that this was the perfect time to act, because if Britain regained control, she might then try to capture the French West Indies for compensation for the war. b. Now was the time the strike, rather than risk a stronger Britain with its reunited colonies. 4. France, in 1778, offered a treaty of alliance, offering America everything that Britain had offered, plus recognition of independence. a. The Americans accepted with caution, since France was pro-Catholic, but since they needed help, they’d take it. XII. The Colonial War Becomes a World War 1. In 1779, Spain and Holland entered the war against Britain. . In 1780, Catherine the Great of Russia took the lead in organizing the Armed Neutrality (she later called it the Armed Nullity) that lined up all of Europe’s neutrals in passive hostility against England. 3. America, though it kept the war going until 1778, didn’t win until France, Spain, and Holland joined in and Britain co uldn’t handle them all. 4. Britain, with the French now in the seas, decided to finally evacuate Philadelphia and concentrate their forces in New York, and even though Washington attacked them at Monmouth on a blisteringly hot day in which scores of men died of sunstroke, the British escaped to New York. XIII. Blow and Counterblow 1. French reinforcements, commanded by Comte de Rochambeau, arrived in Newport, Rhode Island in 1780, but flares sometimes erupted between the Americans and the French. 2. In 1780, feeling unappreciated and lured by British gold, General Benedict Arnold turned traitor by plotting with the British to sell out West Point. a. When the plot was discovered, he fled with the British. b. â€Å"Whom can we trust now? † cried George Washington in anguish. 3. The British devised a plan to roll up the colonies from the South. a. Georgia was ruthlessly overrun in 1778-1779. b. Charleston, South Carolina, fell in 1780. . In the Carolinas, Patriots bitterly fought their Loyalist neighbors. d. However, in 1781, American riflemen wiped out a British detachment at King’s Mountain, and then defeated a smaller force at Cowpens. e. At the Carolina campaign of 1781, Quaker-reared tactician General Nathanael Greene distinguished himself with his strategy of delay. 1) By slowly retreating and losing battles but winning campaigns, he helped clear the British out of most of Georgia and South Carolina. XIV. The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier 1. 1777 was known as the â€Å"bloody year† on the frontier, as Indians went on a scalping spree. . Most of the Indians supported Britain and believed that if they won, it would stop American expansion into the West, and save Indian land. 3. Mohawk chief Joseph Brant, recently converted to Anglicanism, and his men ravaged the backcountry of Pennsylvania and New York until check by Americans in 1779. 4. In 1784, the pro-British Iroquois (the Oneidas and the Tuscaroras had sided with the Americans, the other four with the British) signed the Treaty of For Stanwix, the first treaty between the U. S. and an Indian nation. a. Under its terms, the Indians ceded most of their land. 5. Even in wartime, pioneers moved west, showing their gratitude to the French with such town names as Louisville while remembering the Revolution with Lexington, Kentucky. 6. George Rogers Clark, an audacious frontiersman, floated down the Ohio River with about 175 in 1778-1779 and captured forts Kaskaskia, Chohokia, and Vicennes in quick succession. 7. The tiny American navy never really hurt the British warships, but it did destroy British merchant shipping and carried the war into the waters around the British Isles. 8. Swift privateers preyed on enemy shipping, capturing many ships and forcing them to sail in convoys. XV. Yorktown and the Final Curtain. 1. Before the last decisive victory, inflation continued to soar, and the government was virtually bankrupt, and announced that it could only repay many of its debts at a rate of 2. 5 cents on the dollar. 2. However, Cornwallis was blundering into a trap. a. Retreating to Chesapeake Bay and assuming that British control of the seas would give him much needed backup, Cornwallis instead was trapped by Washington’s army, which had come 300 miles from New York, Rochambeau’s French army, and the navy of French Admiral de Grasse. . After hearing the news of Cornwallis’ defeat, Lord North cried, â€Å"Oh God! It’s all over! † 4. Stubborn King George wanted to continue the war, since he still had 54,000 troops in North America and 32,000 in the U. S. , and fighting did continue for about a year after Yorktown, especially in the South, but America had won. XVI. Peace at Paris 1. Many Brits were weary of the war, since they had suffered heavy reverse in India and the West Indies, the island of Minorca in the Mediterranean had fallen, and the Rock of Gibraltar was tottering. . Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay met in Paris for a peace deal. a. Jay suspected that France would try to keep the U. S. cooped up east of the Alleghenies and keep America weak. b. Instead, Jay, thinking that France would betray American ambitious to satisfy those of Spain, secretly made separate overtures to London (against instructions from Congress) and came to terms quickly with the British, who were eager to entice one of their enemies from the alliance. 3. The Treaty of Paris of 1783, Britain formally recognized the USA and granted generous boundaries, stretching majestically to the Mississippi on the west, the Great Lakes on the north, and to Spanish Florida on the South. a. The Yankees also retained a share in the priceless fisheries of Newfoundland. b. Americans couldn’t persecute Loyalists, though, and Congress could only recommend legislatures that confiscated Loyalist land. XVII. A New Nation Legitimized 1. Britain had ceded so much land because it was trying to entice America from its French alliance. a. Remember, George Rogers Clark had only conquered a small part of the land. 2. Also, during the time, the American-friendly Whigs were in control of the Parliament, which was not to be the case in later years. 3. France approved the treaty, though with cautious eyes. 4. In truth, America came out the big winner, and seldom, if ever, have any people been so favored. XVIII. Makers of America: The Loyalists 1. Loyalists were conservative, well-educated, thought that a complete break with Britain would invite anarchy, and felt that America couldn’t win against the more powerful army in the world. . Many Britons had settled in America after the Seven Years’ War, and they had reason to support their home country. 3. Thousands of African-Americans joined the British ranks for hope of freedom from bondage. a. Many Black Loyalists won their freedom from Britain. b. Others suffered betrayal, such as when Cornwallis abandoned over 4000 former slaves in Virginia and when many Black Loyalists boarded ships expecting to embark for freedom and instead found themselves sold back into slavery. c. Some Black exiles settled in Britain, but weren’t really accepted easily. . Most Loyalists remained in America, where they faced special burdens and struggled to re-establish themselves in a society that viewed them as traitors. 5. Hugh Gaine, though, succeeded. a. He reopened his business and even won contracts fro the new government. b. He also published the new national army regulations authored by Baron von Steuben. c. When New York ratified the Constitution in 1788, Gaine rode the float at the head of the city’s celebration parade. d. He had, like many other former Loyalists, become an American. How to cite Apush Notes Chapter 8, Papers

Assignment Sample Built on Issues in Wedding Planning Business

Question 1- Identify and discuss the different types of documentation required when setting up a wedding planning business? Answer - When we want to set up a wedding planning business we can establish a private company to run our business. The documents which are required for formation of a wedding business company is Form IN01 which contains the name of the company, the location of companys registered office, name of first directors, name of company secretary, statement of capital and the class of shares. The second document required is the memorandum of association which contains the names and addresses of the subscribers who form the company. In case the company is limited each subscriber should have to the least one share. The last document required is the articles of association which states the rules to run the company handle and manage the internal affairs of the company business and states the legal responsibilities. In case of articles of Association if a standard Model articles are used then the need to submit it to the Companies House is not there (Startups Team, 2014). Now the formation of company has become much easier as the whole process of formation has become online and so now physical signatures are not required. The Companies House has started with these services on their website by using a system called business link. This has led to decrease in the cost of formation of a wedding business company. Question 2- Discuss various aspects of the data protection act 1988 that relate to a wedding planning business? Answer - The Data Protection Act 1988 helps to regulate the personal information that is used in the wedding business plan. The main aim of the Act is to protect the privacy rights which are held by the wedding business. The personal data and information of people are to be kept in safe manner (Terry Gorry Co. Solicitors, 2015). There are certain principles which are supposed to be used in a strict manner. The information of wedding business should be used in fair and lawful manner. Also it can be used only for stated and limited purpose (UK Government, 2014). The act covers all business, self-employed and people who work from home and all others who have information whether it is large or small on computer which is personal and related to a living person. It is obligatory to put and record all the information other than name, address and phone number in the Data Protection Registrar. Everyone have been given the right to see any information related to them and get it deleted or changed in c ase they do not think it to be appropriate. The wedding business has to get registered before starting its operations. After the registration is done a Code of Practice is issued to all the businesses in order to keep the information held by them in safe mode, to ensure to keep correct information and meets the needs of people. The wedding business has a lot of personal information about people in their records and it is their duty to maintain the privacy of such information. They should abide by the individual rights where the one whose information is given in computerized form has the right to see any information and to correct the information which is wrong or needs to be deleted from the records. It is essential that the people whose personal information is kept with the wedding business assure that their information shall not be used and revealed without their prior agreement to the same (Brumfitt K , Barnes S, Norris L, Jones J) Question 3- Describe ways in which a wedding planning business can be marketed to gain maximum exposure to potential clients? Answer - It is very essential that the people should know about your business and its product. The wedding business cannot exist in the market unless it attracts the people towards its features. There are many ways by which the wedding planning business can be marketed to the potential clients. The message should reach the potential clients in the same way as it is being represented. It should be concise and clear. First is the use of print media. This would include brochures, newspaper, mail letters, magazine, advertisements and circulars. These helps to reach the mass media and to make public at large know about the company and its features. Through this there would be more awareness among people about the products offered. The other way to market the wedding business is through establishing and maintaining good public relations. Good clientele can give you further new clientele. Therefore it is very important to be associated with the right people who are your target segment. The word of m outh is a very strong way of promoting your business. Both good and bad promotion travel the fastest through this mode of communication. Therefore, your good offers and services shall be well appreciated by people even if they havent been associated to you in any way. The next way would be to use broadcast media to market your business. Everyone uses any one of the broadcast media be it television, radio or cinema. The advertisement in it should be catchy and the message should be clear. This is one of the most attractive and long lasting ways to market as it leaves an image in the minds of people even after the advertisement is over. There are also other modes like online media, outdoor media etc. which help in marketing the wedding business. Every business should know which way would best suit it depending on the target market and the cost factor (Sir Gar). Question 4- Identify and describe the necessary financial information that is required to be collected and submitted to HMRC? Answer - When we start the wedding business it is required to notify Her Majestys Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Therefore, the business house shall be required to submit statements for calculation of tax to the Inspector of taxes (University of Cambridge, 2010). The HMRC requires the companies and organizations to submit their company tax returns in XBRL format. This shall be attached along with the financial statements and tax computations in iXBRL (Arkk Solutions, 2014). The necessary financial information that is required to be collected and submitted to HMRC by the wedding plan business would be all the invoices and business related expenses will be submitted. The other documents required are vouchers used to pay of salaries and dividends during relevant year. Details of interest on loans and credit cards are required to be submitted. In case of any income received from foreign country or any capital gains made by disposing off the property or shares is required to be submitted. Payments ma de towards pension, charity and aids will also be furnished. In the present year calculation for last years tax bills shall be considered (Crunch accountants, 2014). The businesses which are registered are required to maintain records and accounts for a period of at least seven years. Depending on the financial complexities the documents shall be required. The VAT authorities makes a visit in companies which are registered and shall make sure that all the records are available and necessary information is there to support the claims made by the businesses. References Startups Team, 2014, What documents do you need to submit to register your company? Terry Gorry Co. Solicitors, 2015, Data protection law and your business an overview UK Government, 2014, Data protection. Brumfitt K , Barnes S, Norris L, Jones J, Business planning, pp.62, Nelson Thornes. Sir Gar, Marketing your business, pp. 24, Carmarthenshire County Council. Crunch accountants, 2014, How to complete HMRCs online self assessment filing. Arkk Solutions, 2014, FAQ. University of Cambridge, 2010, Business finance-advanced level, pp. 12, United Kingdom.